Na2Ti6O13纳米带的制备及其光降解活性艳橙染料废水的研究

用微乳法和熔盐法结合制备出了Na2Ti6O13纳米带,并用XRD,SEM对其进行表征;研究了Na2Ti6O13在紫外光下对偶氮染料活性艳橙(X-GN)的降解,并探讨了pH值、催化剂投加量和外加H2O2氧化剂对光催化效率的影响。实验表明,Na2Ti6O13具有很好的光催化性能,30W紫外灯下光催化60min对25mg/LX-GN的降解率最高可达94.1%;反应液pH值过高或过低会影响催化剂活性,最佳pH值为5.7;一定范围内,光催化效率随催化剂投加量的增加而提高,但投加量大于1.0 g/L时,催化效率反而下降;适当投加H2O2能显著提高降解效果。     

碲化镉量子点对小鼠睾丸组织的氧化损伤（Effects of CdTe Quantum Dots on the Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Testes of Mice）

为探讨碲化镉量子点(CdTeQDs)对小鼠睾丸的急性氧化损伤作用,将20只雄性ICR小鼠随机分成4组:对照组、1d、3d、7d(3个不同时间组),采用尾静脉注射进行一次性染毒2.5μmol·kg-1CdTeQDs,对照组注射等体积生理盐水.染毒后对睾丸的脏器系数以及组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别进行测定,从而检测CdTeQDs对睾丸组织的急性氧化损伤作用.结果显示,与对照组相比,随染毒时间的延长,睾丸脏器系数无显著性变化(p>0.05);GSH-Px和SOD活性随染毒时间的延长呈逐渐升高趋势;而CAT活性呈逐渐降低趋势,且与对照组差异显著(p<0.01);MDA含量显著高于对照(p<0.01),且随时间变化不大.CdTeQDs染毒可导致小鼠睾丸组织氧化损伤,其损伤程度与染毒时间之间具有一定的时间-效应关系.     

二氧化钛(P25)光催化降解二苯砷酸的研究

二苯砷酸(diphenylarsinic acid,DPAA)是经化学武器泄漏而产生的一种含苯基的有机砷化合物,具有较强的生物毒性,严重威胁生态环境的安全.目前关于降解DPAA方法的研究较少.前期研究发现利用光催化剂二氧化钛(P25)能快速降解DPAA,本实验在此基础上主要研究该催化剂对DPAA的吸附特征、光催化降解动力学及其影响因素,并利用活性氧猝灭剂实验进一步了解各活性氧基团在光反应中的贡献.结果表明,P25光催化降解DPAA可以分为表面吸附与光反应两个阶段,并可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood反应动力学模型拟合.溶液中离子强度和酸碱度的变化会引起光催化剂对DPAA吸附量的改变,进而引起反应速率的改变,反应速率随吸附量的减小而下降.溶液中溶解氧也能促进二氧化钛对DPAA的催化降解.活性氧猝灭实验发现羟自由基在催化反应中贡献最大.     

活性氧和钙离子参与镉诱导的酵母细胞死亡过程调节

以酵母为实验材料,研究了镉(以CdCl2形式添加)对细胞的毒性作用机制.结果显示,浓度为0.25~5 mmol·L-1的镉可降低酵母细胞活性,诱导细胞死亡;随着镉浓度的提高和处理时间的延长,细胞死亡率增高.凋亡抑制剂Z-Asp-CH2-DCB与镉共同作用后,细胞死亡率明显低于镉单独处理组.经镉处理后,酵母细胞内的活性氧(ROS)水平显著升高;外源抗氧化剂抗坏血酸和过氧化氢酶能降低镉引发的细胞死亡,特异性Ca2+螯合剂EGTA或Ca2+通道特异性抑制剂LaCl3亦可明显降低镉诱发的细胞死亡率.研究表明,镉诱发的酵母细胞死亡过程存在依赖于caspase途径的细胞凋亡途径;镉诱发的死亡与镉处理组胞内ROS和Ca2+水平升高有关,ROS可能通过增加胞内Ca2+水平,继而激活相关下游信号导致细胞死亡.     

电动修复联合壳聚糖纳米纤维膜PRB对土壤中菲和芘的去除研究

采用电动修复联合可渗透性反应墙(PRB)技术处理土壤中的菲和芘,以静电纺丝制备的壳聚糖纳米纤维膜为PRB介质,并初步探究了其对电动修复效果的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖纳米纤维膜对菲和芘的吸附动力学同时符合伪一级和伪二级模型,吸附为吸热反应,吸附热力学特征符合Freundlich模型。纯电动方法修复处理土壤中的多环芳烃时效率较低,通过采用0.1 mol/L的Na OH控制阳极p H,并添加非离子型表面活性剂Tween80对电动修复进行优化,优化实验条件下菲和芘的去除率分别可达58.6%和45.9%。在优化实验条件下进行EK-PRB的联合修复,菲和芘的去除率分别达到75.3%和65.7%,证明壳聚糖纳米纤维膜对菲和芘的去除有促进作用。     

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Trichoderma sp. WL-Go for azo dyes decolorization

Developing an eco-friendly approach for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is important in current nanotechnology research. In this study, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was carried out by a newly isolated strain Trichoderma sp. WL-Go. UV–vis spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm, and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the Au NPs were of varied shape with well dispersibility.The optimal conditions for Au NPs synthesis were HAuCl_4 1.0 mmol/L, biomass 0.5 g and pH 7–11. Moreover, the bio-Au NPs could efficiently catalyze the decolorization of various azo dyes. This research provided a new microbial resource candidate for green synthesis of Au NPs and demonstrated the potential application of bio-Au NPs for azo dye decolorization.     

CuO/AOCF类Fenton催化剂的制备及光催化性能

以偕胺肟纤维(AOCF)为载体,采用配位-沉淀法研制了一种新型的类Fenton催化剂CuO/AOCF.用SEM、EDS和XRD对CuO/AOCF的表面形貌、晶体结构和表面成分进行分析,结果显示:CuO纳米颗粒均匀分布在AOCF表面.以活性红染料为目标降解物及其去除率为评价指标,考察CuO/AOCF与H_2O_2组成类Fenton催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明:在氙灯光照作用下,0.6 g·L~(-1)CuO/AOCF、2 m L·L~(-1)H_2O_2、反应时间为80 min,活性红溶液几乎完全被降解.对比同质量粉体CuO,CuO/AOCF对光催化性能有着更好的促进作用.CuO/AOCF重复使用5次后降解率仍能大于80%.动力学研究表明,该类Fenton催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学规律.     

以海泡石为载体的双金属多相类芬顿催化剂的制备及表征

以活性艳蓝为目标污染物,以改性海泡石为载体,以Fe(NO3)3浓度、MnSO4浓度、尿素浓度、水浴温度、煅烧温度与煅烧时间为影响因素,优化了均匀沉淀法制备双金属多相类芬顿催化剂的工艺条件,并利用SEM、XRD、FTIR对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,随铁离子浓度的增大,所制得催化剂金属离子活性越高.少量的锰掺杂可抑制Fe2O3粒径的增长,提高催化剂的活性.尿素浓度增大,使得晶粒的生成速率愈快,有利于生成细小、均匀的金属颗粒.利用Box-Behnken实验得出催化剂制备的最佳工艺条件为:硝酸铁浓度为0.18 mol.L-1,硫酸锰浓度为0.05 mol.L-1,尿素的浓度为1.0 mol.L-1,海泡石的投加量为40 g.L-1,水浴温度为100℃,煅烧温度为370℃,煅烧时间为3 h.SEM表明本实验所采用的海泡石为α型海泡石,可作为良好的催化剂载体;在催化剂制得后,FTIR图谱显示海泡石的纯度得到提高,并出现了Fe-O的吸收峰.XRD图谱表明,在催化剂表面铁离子主要以α-Fe2O3和γ-Fe2O3的形式存在.     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural water

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in the changing of their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water system. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural water. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS (·OH, 1O2, HO2·/O2·-) which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents (such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes) in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance (ESR) test were used for the determine the characterization of generated ROS. It was found that ·OH was photochemically produced with the presence of nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes and 1O2 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of ·OH was 1.27×10-14 mol/L in nitrate ion, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ·OH was 1.01×1010L/( mol·s).     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species in natural water

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment.ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants,therefore resulting in changes in their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water systems.Bisphenol A(BPA),an endocrine-disrupting chemical,exits widely in natural waters.The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS(.OH,1O2,HO2./O2·-),which were produced on the excitation of ubiquito...