活性氧和钙离子参与镉诱导的酵母细胞死亡过程调节

以酵母为实验材料,研究了镉(以CdCl2形式添加)对细胞的毒性作用机制.结果显示,浓度为0.25~5 mmol·L-1的镉可降低酵母细胞活性,诱导细胞死亡;随着镉浓度的提高和处理时间的延长,细胞死亡率增高.凋亡抑制剂Z-Asp-CH2-DCB与镉共同作用后,细胞死亡率明显低于镉单独处理组.经镉处理后,酵母细胞内的活性氧(ROS)水平显著升高;外源抗氧化剂抗坏血酸和过氧化氢酶能降低镉引发的细胞死亡,特异性Ca2+螯合剂EGTA或Ca2+通道特异性抑制剂LaCl3亦可明显降低镉诱发的细胞死亡率.研究表明,镉诱发的酵母细胞死亡过程存在依赖于caspase途径的细胞凋亡途径;镉诱发的死亡与镉处理组胞内ROS和Ca2+水平升高有关,ROS可能通过增加胞内Ca2+水平,继而激活相关下游信号导致细胞死亡.     

电动修复联合壳聚糖纳米纤维膜PRB对土壤中菲和芘的去除研究

采用电动修复联合可渗透性反应墙(PRB)技术处理土壤中的菲和芘,以静电纺丝制备的壳聚糖纳米纤维膜为PRB介质,并初步探究了其对电动修复效果的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖纳米纤维膜对菲和芘的吸附动力学同时符合伪一级和伪二级模型,吸附为吸热反应,吸附热力学特征符合Freundlich模型。纯电动方法修复处理土壤中的多环芳烃时效率较低,通过采用0.1 mol/L的Na OH控制阳极p H,并添加非离子型表面活性剂Tween80对电动修复进行优化,优化实验条件下菲和芘的去除率分别可达58.6%和45.9%。在优化实验条件下进行EK-PRB的联合修复,菲和芘的去除率分别达到75.3%和65.7%,证明壳聚糖纳米纤维膜对菲和芘的去除有促进作用。     

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Trichoderma sp. WL-Go for azo dyes decolorization

Developing an eco-friendly approach for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is important in current nanotechnology research. In this study, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was carried out by a newly isolated strain Trichoderma sp. WL-Go. UV–vis spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm, and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the Au NPs were of varied shape with well dispersibility.The optimal conditions for Au NPs synthesis were HAuCl_4 1.0 mmol/L, biomass 0.5 g and pH 7–11. Moreover, the bio-Au NPs could efficiently catalyze the decolorization of various azo dyes. This research provided a new microbial resource candidate for green synthesis of Au NPs and demonstrated the potential application of bio-Au NPs for azo dye decolorization.     

CuO/AOCF类Fenton催化剂的制备及光催化性能

以偕胺肟纤维(AOCF)为载体,采用配位-沉淀法研制了一种新型的类Fenton催化剂CuO/AOCF.用SEM、EDS和XRD对CuO/AOCF的表面形貌、晶体结构和表面成分进行分析,结果显示:CuO纳米颗粒均匀分布在AOCF表面.以活性红染料为目标降解物及其去除率为评价指标,考察CuO/AOCF与H_2O_2组成类Fenton催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明:在氙灯光照作用下,0.6 g·L~(-1)CuO/AOCF、2 m L·L~(-1)H_2O_2、反应时间为80 min,活性红溶液几乎完全被降解.对比同质量粉体CuO,CuO/AOCF对光催化性能有着更好的促进作用.CuO/AOCF重复使用5次后降解率仍能大于80%.动力学研究表明,该类Fenton催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学规律.     

以海泡石为载体的双金属多相类芬顿催化剂的制备及表征

以活性艳蓝为目标污染物,以改性海泡石为载体,以Fe(NO3)3浓度、MnSO4浓度、尿素浓度、水浴温度、煅烧温度与煅烧时间为影响因素,优化了均匀沉淀法制备双金属多相类芬顿催化剂的工艺条件,并利用SEM、XRD、FTIR对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,随铁离子浓度的增大,所制得催化剂金属离子活性越高.少量的锰掺杂可抑制Fe2O3粒径的增长,提高催化剂的活性.尿素浓度增大,使得晶粒的生成速率愈快,有利于生成细小、均匀的金属颗粒.利用Box-Behnken实验得出催化剂制备的最佳工艺条件为:硝酸铁浓度为0.18 mol.L-1,硫酸锰浓度为0.05 mol.L-1,尿素的浓度为1.0 mol.L-1,海泡石的投加量为40 g.L-1,水浴温度为100℃,煅烧温度为370℃,煅烧时间为3 h.SEM表明本实验所采用的海泡石为α型海泡石,可作为良好的催化剂载体;在催化剂制得后,FTIR图谱显示海泡石的纯度得到提高,并出现了Fe-O的吸收峰.XRD图谱表明,在催化剂表面铁离子主要以α-Fe2O3和γ-Fe2O3的形式存在.     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural water

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in the changing of their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water system. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural water. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS (·OH, 1O2, HO2·/O2·-) which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents (such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes) in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance (ESR) test were used for the determine the characterization of generated ROS. It was found that ·OH was photochemically produced with the presence of nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes and 1O2 was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of ·OH was 1.27×10-14 mol/L in nitrate ion, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ·OH was 1.01×1010L/( mol·s).     

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species in natural water

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment.ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants,therefore resulting in changes in their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water systems.Bisphenol A(BPA),an endocrine-disrupting chemical,exits widely in natural waters.The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS(.OH,1O2,HO2./O2·-),which were produced on the excitation of ubiquito...     

Oxidative stress and apoptosis of Carassius auratus lymphocytes induced by nonplanar （PCB153） and coplanar （PCB169） polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in vitro

Among all the 209 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners, nonplanar and coplanar PCB congeners have di erent levels of toxicity on mammal cells such as neuronal cells, but little is known about their toxicity on fish cells although PCB congeners usually have high bioaccumulation abilities in the detected fish bodies. This study showed that 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB153, nonplanar congener) and 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-hexacholorbiphenyl (PCB169, coplanar congener) caused apoptosis on the isolated crucian carp (Carassius auratus) lymphocytes and the induced cytotoxicity was structure-dependent. According to the laser confocal microscope observations, apoptosis was clearly distinguished by condensation of nucleus, shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies. DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. These typical morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate the occurrence of apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. According to the flow cytometry analysis, after the cells were exposed to 10 mol/L PCBs for 3 h, the apoptotic percentage induced by PCB153 was 23.41%, while that induced by PCB169 was even higher (31.03%). Furthermore, incubating PCBs with fish lymphocytes enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), clearly indicating the presence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our data also demonstrate that the di erent cytotoxic e ects induced by coplanar and nonplanar PCBs were correlated with their structural characteristics and the coplanar congener was more cytotoxic than nonplanar congener. This study suggests that cytotoxicity mechanisms of the PCB congeners on fish lymphocytes depend on their planarity and chemical structures.     

脱色酶TpmD在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及纯化

用PCR方法从嗜水气单胞菌DN322基因组中扩增出编码三苯基甲烷类染料脱色酶TpmD的基因,与表达载体pET-22b(+)连接构建成重组质粒pET22-tpmD,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)得到重组工程菌株.结果表明,经IPTG诱导,脱色酶基因可高效表达,粗酶液降解结晶紫、孔雀石绿、碱性品红、灿烂绿的比活力达到569.5,386.9,516.1,273.0U/g.表达产物经Ni-NTA亲和层析法一步纯化,蛋白纯度达94.05%.对4种染料的比活力分别达到1075.3,1042.8,903.9,484.3U/g,重组质粒稳定存在于工程菌中,便于规模化发酵生产.     

非均相催化氧化处理活性艳红染料废水

以粉煤灰作为载体,制备了非均相催化剂。研究了非均相催化氧化处理98mg·L^-1活性艳红模拟染料废水的实验效果。实验结果表明,在催化剂投加量40g·L^-1、30％的H2O2投加量3mL·L^-1、pH值4、处理时间10min的最佳处理条件下,非均相催化体系对活性艳红染料的脱色率达到98．21％。对比均相催化氧化法,非均相催化氧化技术提高了对活性艳红染料的脱色率,缩短了反应时间,提高了H2O2利用效率,扩大了pH值范围,改进了Fe^2＋流失的不足。