城市固体废物好氧生物反应器填埋方式的实验研究

MSW(城市固体废物)生物反应器型填埋是一种较新颖的方法。在系统分析现有填埋方法优缺点的基础上,对其加以改进,将强制通风好氧和渗滤液循环2种方式有机地结合在一起,构建了MSW好氧生物反应器。考察了NH3、CH4、CO2、pH和温度等因素,并监测分析了渗滤液中的COD、BOD5、Zn2+、NH4+和NO3-等指标,旨在研究其中垃圾的降解及渗滤液中COD、BOD5、Zn2+、NH4+和NO3-的去除情况,探讨该生物反应器对垃圾和渗滤液相关参数的作用机理。结果表明,该反应器对渗滤液中COD、BOD5、NO3-的去除率分别达到96.34%、94.58%和99.9%,对其中的Zn2+也有较好的脱除效果。     

城市垃圾渗滤液处理技术发展现状

介绍了城市垃圾渗滤液的来源和特点,根据近些年的工程实际和实验研究结果,主要论述了垃圾渗滤液的处理方案和处理技术,包括回灌法、土地处理法、物理化学法、生物法等。对这些处理方法进行了比较,在此基础上提出了相应的建议。     

加速垃圾卫生填埋场稳定方法的研究

以河北省某市家庭生活垃圾为样本进行实验，研究了甲烷浓度的变化、垃圾固含量与垃圾平均产气率的关系、填埋表面沉降与时间的关系等。结果表明，该市垃圾产生的渗滤液回灌能够使产气速率和填埋场沉降速率增大，特别是提早回灌时间、增加回灌次数，对加速稳定化进程起到较明显的作用。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理的研究进展

介绍了城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的不同处理方法(生物处理、物化处理、土地处理)和不同处理工艺的现状。由于渗滤液成分的复杂和多样化,所以常采用组合工艺联合处理,处理工艺流程的选用应符合因地制宜的原则,由填埋场当地的气候特征、周围环境、渗滤液水量、水质特性、处理程度及投资情况决定。最后还指出了渗滤液处理技术的发展趋势。     

生物反应器填埋场稳定技术

通过模拟实验研究了污泥接种、回灌前对渗滤液进行加热、不同的渗滤液回灌频率对生物反应器填埋场稳定进程的影响。研究表明，污泥接种、回灌前对渗滤液进行加热、较高的环境温度均有利于生物反应器填埋场快速稳定，垃圾填埋前期较低的渗滤液回灌频率有助于生物反应器填埋场快速进入产甲烷阶段，后期较高的渗滤液回灌频率则有利于填埋垃圾较快稳定。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流处理技术研究进展

垃圾渗滤液回流处理后，CODcr去除率最高达95％，在半好氧状态下NH3-N质量浓度降低至10mg/L几以下，渗滤液水质得到改善；渗滤液回流增加了湿度，使有机物的降解速率加快；渗滤液同流处产甲烷速率是不回流处产甲烷速率的2倍多：渗滤液回流处的总沉降幅度可达填埋场深度的20％，而不回流处仅为8％。回流处理技术分为直接回流至垃圾层、表面喷灌或浇灌至填埋场表面、地表下回流或内层回流技术。在填埋场处于产酸阶段早期，回流的渗滤液量宜少不宜多：在产气阶段则可逐渐增加。应将稳定化程度高的垃圾层区(产甲烷区)排出的渗滤液回流至新填人的垃圾层(产酸区)，将新垃圾层所产生的渗滤液回流至老的稳定化区。通过控制垃圾的组成、回流的时间、渗滤液的pH值等手段可改善回流处理效果。     

Methanogenesis acceleration of fresh landfilled waste by micro-aeration

Introduction The key technology of bioreactor landfill ( Pohland,1995) and ecologically based landfill ( Bramryd, 2001 )consists in the initiative regulating of microbial activities inlandfill layers, so as to accelerate waste degradatio…     

A TECHNIQUE FOR ELIMINATING THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN LAKES1

The design, installation, and operation of a compressed air system to eliminate thermal stratification in lakes is described. During a year-long field test on a 19 ha lake, this system effectively eliminated thermal stratification, increased dissolved oxygen, and kept part of the lake ice-free during winter. This system has the capability for use in larger reservoirs and, used for control or elimination of stratification in lakes, is a promising tool for alleviating problems caused by thermal stratification.     

Circulating fluidized bed biological reactor for nutrients removal

A new biological nitrogen removal process, which is named herein “The circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (CFBBR)”, was developed for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic matter. This process was composed of an anaerobic bed (Riser), aerobic bed (Downer) and connecting device. Influent and nitrified liquid from the aerobic bed enters the anaerobic bed from the bottom of the anaerobic bed, completing the removal of nitrogen and organic matter. The system performance under the conditions of different inflow loadings and nitrified liquid recirculation rates ranging from 200% to 600% was examined. From a technical and economic point of view, the optimum nitrified liquid recirculation ratewas 400%. With a shortest total retention time of 2.5 h (0.8 h in the anaerobic bed and 1.5 h in the aerobic bed) and a nitrified liquid recirculation rate of 400% based on the influent flow rate, the average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were found to be 88% and 95%, respectively. The average effluent concentrations of TN and SCOD were 3.5 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. The volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration, nitrification rate and denitrification rate in the system were less than 1.0 g/L, 0.026-0.1 g NH₄ ⁺-N/g VSS·d, and 0.016–0.074 g NO_x ⁻-N/g VSS·d, respectively. __________ Translated from Environmental Engineering, 2007, 25(6): 2, 7–10 [译自: 环境工程]     

活性污泥在渗滤液循环处理中的作用

渗滤液是垃圾填埋场产生的一种含有高浓度污染物的废水，它对环境造成的污染已经引起了人们的关注。渗滤液的处理方法很多，其中渗滤液循环法以其投资小、运行费用低、能加速填埋场稳定化进程等特点而倍受关注。利用活性污泥引入微生物，是在渗滤液循环基础上提出的一种新的设想，通过实验研究结果显示：加入干污泥循环可使渗滤液的COD由最高值2275mg／L降为67lmg／L．加入湿污泥循环可使渗滤液COD由最高值2075mg／L降为82lmg／L；而单纯进行渗滤液循环只使渗滤液的COD由最高值23llmg／L下降到l386mg／L。