论环境行政强制执行程序

正确运用和进一步完善环境行政强制执行程序是加强环境法制建设、推进环保工作法制化、实现“十五”环保工作目标的一个重要方面。本文结合最高人民法院《若干解释》论述了环境行政机关申请人民法院强制执行的具体程序、注意的问题以及完善环境行政强制执行程序的几点建议。     

中国环境联合执法效能建设面临的困境与对策研究

环境联合执法是指通过相关职能部门共同协作、统一执法,以实现有效预防和处置环境污染问题的一种执法机制。它是近年来各地为了改善环境执法效果而进行的一种有益尝试和探索,在实践中取得了一些成效,但同时也存在不少问题有待进一步深入思考。环境保护的严峻性和特殊性决定了环境联合执法的必要性,随着人们对环境联合执法工作的不断尝试和探索,一些矛盾与困局也逐渐显露出来。在当前形势下,如何克服体制机制障碍、切实落实责任、完善执法手段、提升执法效能有待于进一步思考解决。     

面向国土空间应急安全保障的控制性详细规划指标体系构建——以应对突发公共卫生事件为例

为了满足国土空间规划体系的建设和应对突发公共卫生事件,城市控制性详细规划指标和管理体系需要改革。在深入分析现有控规管理对国土空间应急安全保障方面的响应与不足的基础上,增加了“预防+应急”的控规管理工作路径并构建指标实施体系。“预防”是指通过空间环境的塑造来提高城市韧性,增强城市抵御不确定性风险的能力。“预防”主要方法是： （1）将健康城市理念融入控规指标体系;（2）缩小控规单元管理规模,形成从编制单元到地块单元的空间传导体系。“应急”是在应对突发公共卫生事件发生时,通过控规管理首先保障城市生命系统的可持续性;通过控规对部分土地兼容性的引导及对应急设施、通道、空间的布局来满足防疫需要。     

Task type as a moderator of positive/negative feedback effects on motivation and performance: A regulatory focus perspective

Applying Higgins' regulatory focus theory, we hypothesized that the effect of positive/negative feedback on motivation and performance is moderated by task type, which is argued to be an antecedent to situational regulatory focus (promotion or prevention). Thus, first we demonstrated that some tasks (e.g., tasks requiring creativity) are perceived as promotion tasks, whereas others (e.g., those requiring vigilance and attention to detail) are perceived as prevention tasks. Second, as expected, our tests in two studies of the moderation hypothesis showed that positive feedback increased self‐reported motivation (meta‐analysis across samples: N = 315, d = 0.43) and actual performance (N = 55, d = 0.67) among people working on promotion tasks, relative to negative feedback. Positive feedback, however, decreased motivation (N = 318, d = ?0.33) and performance (N = 55, d = ?0.37) among individuals working on prevention tasks, relative to negative feedback. These findings suggest that (a) performance of different tasks can affect regulatory focus and (b) variability in positive/negative feedback effects can be partially explained by regulatory focus and task type. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vernacular knowledge and environmental law: cause and cure for regulatory failure

The Australian environment and agriculture is suffering from land degradation and declining biodiversity. Laws protecting native vegetation are aimed at addressing these problems but have been resisted by farmers, compromising the social agreement necessary for regulatory success. A case study drawing on farmer interviews in central northern New South Wales reveals that the laws are considered to be under-achieving environmental outcomes since they are ill-suited to local conditions. The low feasibility of the rules is also undermining rule and state legitimacy. Regulatory resistance is due to the lack of recognition of place-specifics by government and laws that impose universal requirements. There is an epistemic distance between the bureaucratic knowledge held by government and the vernacular knowledge (place-based knowledge) of heterogeneous environments held by farmers. Incorporating vernacular knowledge so that laws are more geographically sympathetic may close vernacular disjunctures and cure regulatory failure.     

关于环境保护行政主管部门行政执法责任制

全面实行环境行政执法责任制是保障环境法律，法规，规章有效实施的重要举措。环境行政执法责任制必须依法作出。环境保护行政主管部门应将实行环境行政执法责任制的重点放在违法行政的责任追究和赔偿制度上，同时应结合国家公务员制度加大考核力度以促进依法行政。     

责令改正环境违法行为的强制执行

环境违法行为对生态环境和人民生活构成严重威胁,有些违法行为甚至危及人民的生命财产安全。环境行政主管部门针对违法行为作出的责令改正决定,由于种种原因总是无法及时落实,究其原因是对责令改正违法行为的可强制执行性产生分歧。本文分析了责令改正环境违法行为的法律属性和强制执行依据,提出把公共利益作为判断强制执行责令改正违法的标准。     

浅谈环境执法在具体执法实践中存在的现实问题和提高环保执法能力的对策

随着社会经济的高速发展,高能耗、高排放的增加,环境问题日益严重,进而环境执法也面临着前所未有的挑战。虽然中国目前已基本形成较为完善的环保法律体系,环保领域基本上有法可依,但是在具体环保执法实践中,却面临许多困难和阻力,存在着环境执法的力度、效能不高等方面问题。如何克服困难和阻力,提高环境执法的能力、水平、高效性、权威性,是摆在环境执法人员面前的问题。本文对环境执法具体实践中,遇到存在的地方政府、法律、司法、立法和环境执法部门自身建设等环境执法工作中存在的问题进行一定的阐述,对形成的原因进行了论述分析,并提出了一些提高环保执法能力和效率的办法对策争建议。     

《消防法》创新及其价值的几点思考

消防安全历来是治国安邦的一件大事,是民族繁荣昌盛的重要保障。论文主要从新修订《消防法》的创新、价值、存在之不足以及执行等四个方面,阐述修订《消防法》的重要意义。     

土壤重金属污染的调控机理及应用研究

土壤重金属物污染的调控机理和应用研究,是国内外重金属污染土壤修复技术研究的热点和前沿领域。通过利用生物作用、理化措施等调控技术,可降低土壤中重金属的有效态浓度,降低其生物有效性及迁移性。文章阐述了利用植物、微生物、化学改良剂等修复土壤重金属污染的调控机理、影响因素、应用技术等方面的研究现状,讨论了植物修复、微生物作用、固定沉淀、吸附络合、有机络合及螯合、离子拮抗等原理与措施,并提出了其研究应用的发展趋势和展望。