Improvement of Ecological Footprint Method and Application in Henan Province

Abstract

The measure of sustainable development has always been an important and difficulty subject, and the major evaluation model has three types: indicators based on system theory and methods, indicators relied on economic valuation of the environment, sustainability indicators including biophysical assessments. The ecological footprint analysis initiated by William E. Rees, one of the indicators including biophysical assessments, gets rid of the defects of the other models. Ecological footprint has gradually become popular on account of the measuring indexes based on scientific theory, innovative thought-way and its wide adaptability. This paper introduces the conception and computation method, making a progress and making up for the method of ecological footprint, and finally, makes an application analyses through Henan province regional sustainable development.     

Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province,China

Abstract

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan) as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carried out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan's natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.     

基于加权灰靶模型的区域铁矿安全生产能力评价

针对铁矿安全产能研究方面的不足,为了从系统的角度对此进行分析,并充分发挥专家的经验而且克服人为因素带来的偏差,首先构建了影响矿山安全生产能力的指标体系,然后借助层次分析法和熵权法确定指标的综合权重。最后,运用灰靶理论对四家铁矿的安全生产能力进行靶心度分析,实现了对四家铁矿安全生产能力的评价。结果表明,四家铁矿的安全产能由高到低排序依次为：张家洼矿、小官庄矿、莱新矿和莱州矿,与实际情况对比验证了方法的准确性。证明该方法为产能的评判提供了理论依据,是一种有效的方法,具有一定的应用价值。     

六自由度动态模拟环境试验系统

六自由度动态模拟环境试验是考核车辆、舰船等运输工具在复线路面谱或海浪谱的运动条件和不同气候环境条件同时作用下的性能可靠性和行驶安全性及其使用寿命的重要模拟试验方法。本文详细介绍了为满足这一试验而研发的六自由度动态模拟环境试验系统。     

模糊数学模型在外排废水综合评价中的应用

引入模糊数学中隶属度、权重及模糊矩阵的概念,综合考虑各污染因子状况以确定外排废水的水质情况,更加合理地刻划其外排废水的污染程度,从中找出治理重点,有针对性地加强治理,改善环境。     

基于模糊层次分析的门座起重机回转机构状态综合评价

针对门座起重机回转机构故障发生的特点,基于模糊层次分析法原理,建立了门座起重机回转机构状态综合评价模型。引入三角模糊数描述专家的判断信息,建立模糊互补判断矩阵,采用基于可能度的重要度排序确定各评价指标的权重值,以此判断各评价指标对整个机构的影响程度。邀请专家对列出的各评价指标的综合性能予以评价,根据得到的指标评价矩阵和权重矩阵,求出整个回转机构的模糊综合评价矩阵。根据最大隶属度原则,确定机构的工作状态和综合性能的得分情况。     

地震应急物资需求预测的模糊案例推理技术

地震发生后,及时迅速地应急响应是提升应急救援效率、降低震害损失的重要工作之一,而作为震后灾区应急响应前提和基础的物资需求预测是急需解决的关键问题之一。考虑到震后灾区信息贫乏的特点,引入1种基于模糊案例推理的震后物资需求预测技术。首先,在对已有案例库分析总结的基础上,提取若干影响震后物资需求的地震关键特征属性,通过引入模糊集合的概念,建立地震特征模糊集合;其次,计算新旧案例具体特征属性值对于模糊集的隶属度,为了度量新旧案例之间的相似程度,计算基于新旧案例特征属性权重的修正测度贴近度,贴近度最大者代表新旧案例之间的最佳匹配;最后,使用1个实际案例展示技术的具体应用过程,得到与新案例最近似的已有参考案例,为灾后应急救援提供借鉴。     

民航飞行员非技术技能评价模型的研究

为了准确地掌握飞行员的非技术技能,提高安全培训效能和飞行机组排班的科学性,对飞行员非技术技能的评价模型进行了研究,从飞行员的机组交流与合作能力、自动化系统意识、情境意识与决策、领导与管理、应激能力5个方面构建了飞行员非技术技能评价指标体系,运用灰色关联分析-因子分析相结合的方法建立了飞行员非技术技能评价模型。运用此模型对某航空公司5名不同背景的飞行员的非技术技能实施了评价。研究结果表明:此模型可以定量地判定飞行员非技术技能的高低,并能够识别飞行员非技术技能的薄弱环节。     

中国省域经济、资源与环境协调分析——兼论三系统耦合公式及其扩展形式

为了实现中国经济发展模式的转型,资源、环境与经济水平协调发展是社会经济可持续发展的根本途径之一。耦合度用来衡量两个或者两个以上系统相互作用和相互影响的协调发展程度,得到了广泛的应用。然而,在实证分析中,耦合度公式出现取值范围判断的错误。论文着重讨论并修正了耦合度公式出现的错误,并将之推广到n个系统。运用修正后的耦合度公式,建立经济发展-资源禀赋-生态环境综合评价指标体系,然后计算中国大陆31个省域单元2003—2014年三系统耦合度和协调度,最后进行空间分析。研究发现,在2003—2014年间,从总体来看,耦合度和协调度呈现逐年上升态势。从耦合度的时空演变来看,空间分布变化较小。31个省域单元耦合度具备明显的空间集聚现象。然而,协调度在空间上呈现随机分布。     

长春城市绿地植物群落生态脆弱度分析

以北方寒地城市长春市为例,提出城市绿地植物群落生态脆弱度计算方法,对长春城市各类绿地进行了详细的植物群落生态脆弱度分析,分别论述了景观效果、绿地结构、绿地养护及人工干扰与生态脆弱度的关系,指出建立科学合理的复合群落绿地是从根本上降低城市绿地生态脆弱度的唯一出路。