用模糊贴近度方法评价土壤重金属污染程度

分析了模糊贴近度方法用于土壤环境质量评价的基本步骤,并以贵州省遵义市环境质量评价为实例,探讨了模糊贴近度方法在土壤环境质量评价中的应用。结果表明,基于模糊贴近度的土壤环境质量评价原理直观、客观,计算方法简单,能较完整地反映土壤环境质量污染程度,是一种实用而准确的评价方法。     

温湿度对PM2.5质量浓度监测的影响

探讨了在不同环境条件和污染状况下,带膜动态测量的微振荡天平法的自动监测方法能否准确监测空气中的PM_(2.5)质量浓度。通过自动方法与手工重量法的比对,针对2015年8月—2016年7月的监测结果进行讨论,尤其是不同温度和相对湿度对监测数据的影响,在平均相对湿度为60%~90%时夏季2种方法绝对偏差均值大于10μg/m3,并对该结果进行了原因分析,提出了自动监测的质量控制和比对溯源的建议,为PM_(2.5)的质量浓度监测工作提供了参考依据。     

中俄跨界水体水质联合监测数据可比性研究

中俄跨界水体水质联合监测已经连续开展了11 a,积累了大量的监测数据。笔者针对双方实际监测数据,选用相关性分析和t检验等统计学方法,分析了中俄双方联合监测数据可比性。研究结果表明:p H、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量的相对偏差统计容许限基本满足中国标准建议值;氨氮和铁2个指标高于中国标准建议值;锰的数据差异最大。建议中俄双方针对溶解氧使用便携式溶解氧仪进行原位监测;重点对氨氮、铁和锰开展技术交流,设计相关实验,从样品采集、保存、运输、前处理和实验室分析等各环节查找双方差异。     

Heavy metal contamination in the sediment and plants of the Sundarbans,India

Heavy metals are one of the hazardous contaminants in the total environment. The present study shows that the Sundarbans soil is contaminated with sludge and moderately contaminated with Cd and Co according to Contamination factor (CF), Enrichment factor (EF), Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), and Ecological risk factor (ERF). The correlation, principle component analysis and factor analysis showed that Mn and Fe might have lithogenic origin whereas Cu, Pb, Co and Cd have anthropogenic inputs. The screening quick reference table (SQuiRT) shows that Cu and Cd may exert a possible toxic effect on the sediment dwelling biota. The phytoremediation study revealed that the endangered Heritiera fomes leaves can accumulate 80% of cadmium from the soil, which is highest based on this study as compared to other mangroves. The study also indicated that threatened date palm Phoenix paludosa leaves can accumulate 74% and 73% of Cu and Fe, respectively, from the soil. Now a day, there has been a spurt in mangrove plantations worldwide for the conservation of mangrove ecosystem using ecological engineering approaches. The present study is very much useful to choose a proper plant to decontaminate the soil from various heavy metal pollutants for effective management of mangrove wetlands.     

Analysis of factors affecting individual participation in carbon market

China will set up a national carbon emissions trading market by the end of 2017, which is initially open to individual investors from the initial market for business and institutional investors. In this article, the main influencing factors and mechanism of individual participation in carbon trading market are studied by establishing multiple linear regression model. The study found that age, education level, length of account opening time, and risk attitude are the main factors influencing the participation of individual investors. Environmental awareness and environmental impact are less affected; information transparency and transaction risk also have an impact on the degree of individual investor participation; investment experience does not affect the participation of individual investors in the carbon trading market.     

煤矿开采地表沉陷盆地边界的再认识

为了研究厚松散层条件下煤矿开采沉陷盆地边界的界定及其影响因素，基于现场实测资料和误差传播定律，建立了厚含水松散层条件下地表沉陷监测点点位中误差函数模型；以辛置煤矿五采区为工程背景，采用UDEC离散元数值分析方法，揭示了采动程度与边界角之间的协同作用关系。研究结果表明:不同国家对沉陷盆地边界的界定并不统一，厚含水松散层条件下，沉陷盆地边缘15 mm的水平移动点可作为沉陷盆地的边界，对于特级保护对象，建议以2 mm下沉点作为沉陷盆地的边界。随着采动程度的增加，沉陷盆地上、下山边界角呈现先缓慢减小再逐渐增加的趋势，二者服从Lorentz函数模型，相关度分别为0.88和0.99，该函数模型能够表达研究区域采动程度与边界角之间的内在联系。     

Evolution Rules of Urban-rural Development and Inspiration for China＇s Agriculture

Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient, this article designs the agriculture relative development index （ARDI） as indicators measuring the intensity of urban rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world. This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004. The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries. The result also showed that most countries＇ ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization, so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen. With the economic development, the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall. The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.     

顺义区地下水水源地脆弱性评价

从顺义区地下水源地的特点和实际情况出发,建立了顺义区地下水源地脆弱性综合评价指标体系,并基于该指标体系采用灰关联度评价方法对顺义区地下水源地进行脆弱性综合评价。将综合评价与固有脆弱性评价对比分析,结果表明,采用地下水水源地综合脆弱性与固有脆弱性相结合的评价方法评价结果更为科学合理,可以更好地评价顺义区地下水源地脆弱性。     

基于蝴蝶突变理论的企业安全生产保障系统危险程度四维分析模型

利用蝴蝶型突变建立人、物、管理、环境安全生产保障模型,人、物、管理、环境的权重与四个控制变量各自相乘,就可能构成了更具有代表和全面含义新突变级数。新突变级数乘于各自单位向量,得出四维控制变量,为在四维空间上分析企业的安全生产危险程度的临界点提供了新的思路。建立蝴蝶型突变理论的在安全决策模型,将企业的安全生产危险程度分为：理想的安全区域;危险区域;相对的安全区域,蝴蝶型突变理论能够揭示企业的安全状况。     

珠江三角洲大暴雨的多普勒特征及形成机制

利用广州CINRAD-SA新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,结合天气形势分析,研究了华南地区夏季短时大暴雨的发生、发展过程,特别是中小尺度系统引发短时大暴雨不同发展阶段的多普勒特征以及辐合强度与短时大暴雨的关系,并对短时大暴雨的发展机制进行了初步探讨.通过分析发现,短时大暴雨产生于低空强盛西南气流等有利条件下,近地层雨区附近的气旋式扰动有利于激发对流,抽吸作用、局地锋生对对流的维持和加强起到了十分重要的作用.在短时大暴雨发生初期及发展旺盛期,大多数都伴有逆风区、辐合带等多普勒特征,中气旋更是与高强度降水、地面强风等剧烈天气密切相关.