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221.
Newman M Hatfield K Hayworth J Rao PS Stauffer T 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2005,81(1-4):34-62
The methods presented in this work provide a potential tool for characterizing contaminant source zones in terms of mass flux. The problem was conceptualized by considering contaminant transport through a vertical "flux plane" located between a source zone and a downgradient region where contaminant concentrations were measured. The goal was to develop a robust method capable of providing a statement of the magnitude and uncertainty associated with estimated contaminant mass flux values. In order to estimate the magnitude and transverse spatial distribution of mass flux through a plane, the problem was considered in an optimization framework. Two numerical optimization techniques were applied, simulated annealing (SA) and minimum relative entropy (MRE). The capabilities of the flux plane model and the numerical solution techniques were evaluated using data from a numerically generated test problem and a nonreactive tracer experiment performed in a three-dimensional aquifer model. Results demonstrate that SA is more robust and converges more quickly than MRE. However, SA is not capable of providing an estimate of the uncertainty associated with the simulated flux values. In contrast, MRE is not as robust as SA, but once in the neighborhood of the optimal solution, it is quite effective as a tool for inferring mass flux probability density functions, expected flux values, and confidence limits. A hybrid (SA-MRE) solution technique was developed in order to take advantage of the robust solution capabilities of SA and the uncertainty estimation capabilities of MRE. The coupled technique provided probability density functions and confidence intervals that would not have been available from an independent SA algorithm and they were obtained more efficiently than if provided by an independent MRE algorithm. 相似文献
222.
根据染料废水的特点 ,研究了自制产品新型氧化 混凝剂处理染料废水的情况 ,探索了药剂用量、pH值等因素对COD、色度去除率的影响。试验表明 ,当pH >10、“染清”氧化 混凝剂的加入量万分之三左右、絮凝时间 6min、静置沉淀3 5min时 ,该药剂对染料废水具有良好的效果 ,COD和色度的去除率最高分别可达 97%和 86% ,从而证明该方法对于染料废水的处理是可行的。该处理工艺设备简单 ,系统运行稳定 ,操作方便 ,成本低 相似文献
223.
Minimum relative entropy (MRE) and Tikhonov regularization (TR) were compared by Neupauer et al. [Water Resour. Res. 36 (2000) 2469] on the basis of an example plume source reconstruction problem originally proposed by Skaggs and Kabala [Water Resour. Res. 30 (1994) 71] and a boxcar-like function. Although Neupauer et al. [Water Resour. Res. 36 (2000) 2469] were careful in their conclusions to note the basis of these comparisons, we show that TR does not perform well on problems in which delta-like sources are convolved with diffuse-groundwater contamination response functions, particularly in the presence of noise. We also show that it is relatively easy to estimate an appropriate value for epsilon, the hyperparameter needed in the minimum relative entropy solution for the inverse problem in the presence of noise. This can be estimated in a variety of ways, including estimation from the data themselves, analysis of data residuals, and a rigorous approach using the real cepstrum and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Regardless of the approach chosen, for the sample problem reported herein, excellent resolution of multiple delta-like spikes is produced from MRE from noisy, diffuse data. The usefulness of MRE for noisy inverse problems has been demonstrated. 相似文献
224.
本文通过对加压溶气过程的分析 ,建立了理想加压溶气过程模型 ,在此基础上推导出新的理论溶气量计算公式 ,并与现有的计算公式进行了比较。 相似文献
225.
介绍了2种不同等离子体发生区和不同测量距离对等离子体发生区沿面蓝光中紫外光的波长和相对光强的影响,所测的臭氧发生量大的等离子体发生区的紫外光的相对光强高,测量距离与相对光强呈指数关系,并且等离子体发生区沿面蓝光具有光催化作用. 相似文献
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利用卧式螺旋式污泥好氧堆肥装置进行间歇式动态堆肥,对污水厂厌氧消化污泥进行了中温堆肥试验研究.通过控制各组堆肥的含水率、物料配比和通气量,重点探讨各种条件下堆体温度与有机物降解的关系.试验结果表明,厌氧消化污泥以木屑为调理剂在装置中可以实现好氧堆肥处理,其适宜的物料控制参数为:污泥:木屑=10:1~1.5(湿重比),堆肥含水率50%~60%;过程控制参数为:通风量为6.7~8.3 m3/h·t,发酵周期为8 d,温度45℃. 相似文献
228.
射流曝气的气液两相流的数值模拟 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
射流曝气在活性污泥处理方法中起着重要的作用。采用数值模拟的方法研究自吸式单级单喷射流器中的气液两相流动状况,通过对不同长径比和喷嘴面积比的射流曝气器模型的气液两相流的计算,定量分析长径比和喷嘴面积比对射流曝气器流场和空气与工作介质流量比的影响,为进一步设计开发新型高效的射流曝气器提供参考。 相似文献
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