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421.
An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction. 相似文献
422.
423.
Ting Guo Zhipeng Bai Can Wu Tan Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):224-229
TiO2 supported on active carbon fiber (TiO2/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of
environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation
(PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO2/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO2/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of
adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental
risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates
would be accumulated on the TiO2/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T =
25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system.
__________
Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态] 相似文献
424.
以SBR系统反硝化除磷污泥为对象,利用氧化还原电位、溶解氧和磷酸盐微电极定量研究了污泥聚集体内除磷菌的原位除磷活性及有机物浓度的影响.结果发现,厌氧初期污泥聚集体内最大净体积释磷速率为3.29mg·(cm3·h)-1,是缺氧初期最大净体积吸磷速率的3倍左右;厌氧末期释磷速率明显降低,最大净体积释磷速率仅为厌氧初期的一半.在缺氧末期,最大净体积吸磷速率降至0.14mg·(cm3·h)-1,且在1800 μm以下深层区域发生了"二次释磷"现象.随着COD浓度由350 mg·L-1降至250 mg·L-1和150 mg·L-1,反硝化除磷菌的最大净体积释磷速率由3.27 mg·(cm3·h)-1降至2.44 mg·(cm3·h)-1和2.01 mg·(cm3·h)-1,且快速吸磷区域整体向污泥聚集体表层收窄. 相似文献
425.
灰色系统方法在城市生活垃圾量预测中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用灰色关联分析方法分析了影响城市生活垃圾量的因素,建立了生活垃圾量的GM(1,1)预测模型,预测了未来的城市生活垃圾量。该法具有较高的精度,简便,可行。 相似文献
426.
A值法研究大气总量控制的环境质量达标保证率 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在总量控制区用A值法实行总量控制后,总量控制区在符合污染物年允许排放总量限值时,污染物的日平均浓度和小时平均浓度不一定能达到国家或地区大气环境质量标准。为了反映总量控制区环境质量达标情况,本文提出了A值法研究大气总量控制的环境质量达标保证率的概念,通过总量控制A值法的基本原理,给出小时/日环境质量达标保征率的量化公式,经过分析得到;环境质量达标保证率与污染物种类有关,同一污染物的保证率与A值的年分布情况密切相关。同时利用长江下游某地的2000年气象资料分析该地区A值的变化趋势,求得该地区SO2和N02的小时保征率分别为97.4%、90.2%,日保征率分别为90.2%、79.5%。 相似文献
427.
Decreased Runoff Response to Precipitation,Little Missouri River Basin,Northern Great Plains,USA
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Eleanor R. Griffin Jonathan M. Friedman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(3):576-592
High variability in precipitation and streamflow in the semiarid northern Great Plains causes large uncertainty in water availability. This uncertainty is compounded by potential effects of future climate change. We examined historical variability in annual and growing season precipitation, temperature, and streamflow within the Little Missouri River Basin and identified differences in the runoff response to precipitation for the period 1976‐2012 compared to 1939‐1975 (n = 37 years in both cases). Computed mean values for the second half of the record showed little change (<5%) in annual or growing season precipitation, but average annual runoff at the basin outlet decreased by 22%, with 66% of the reduction in flow occurring during the growing season. Our results show a statistically significant (p < 0.10) 27% decrease in the annual runoff response to precipitation (runoff ratio). Surface‐water withdrawals for various uses appear to account for <12% of the reduction in average annual flow volume, and we found no published or reported evidence of substantial flow reduction caused by groundwater pumping in this basin. Results of our analysis suggest that increases in monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures, including >1°C increases in January through March, are the dominant driver of the observed decrease in runoff response to precipitation in the Little Missouri River Basin. 相似文献
428.
利用灰色预测法对上海市入境旅游11个国家和地区的赴沪旅游者人数和旅游外汇收入进行了预测,推断出上海市入境旅游市场中不同国家和地区的市场潜力;运用灰色关联分析法,探索不同市场潜力等级的入境旅游国家和地区与上海市旅游外汇收入间的关系.针对亚洲和欧美各国家或地区的实际情况,提出了针对性的对策和建议. 相似文献
429.
杭州黑碳气溶胶污染特性及来源研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
2011年7月~2012年6月对黑碳气溶胶(BC)、PM2.5、污染气体及气象因子进行同步观测,以评估杭州市BC污染特征、来源分布及对大气能见度的影响.结果表明:杭州市大气BC日均浓度范围为1.3~16.5μg/m3,年均值达到(5.1±2.5)μg/m3.BC呈明显的季节变化趋势,秋冬季高,夏季低.BC也呈典型的日变化趋势,交通高峰期高,下午低,同时与NOx呈较好的相关性,表明城市中BC受到机动车尾气排放的重要影响;而BC/CO低于其他城市则表明生物质燃烧排放可能是杭州BC的另一大重要来源.BC随风速下降呈上升趋势, BC超过10μg/m3的高浓度事件中,风速基本低于2m/s,北-西北-西风对高浓度BC的输送作用明显.观测期间BC的吸收系数为(44.8±23.0)Mm-1,占到总消光比例的10.4%.灰霾和重度灰霾天气下,吸收系数分别为(66.2±30.1),(100.2±49.2)Mm-1,达到非霾天气的2.2和3.4倍, 表明BC吸收消光作用是影响杭州市大气能见度下降和灰霾天气发生的重要因素之一. 相似文献
430.