风场类型对高层建筑风致响应的影响研究

风荷载是影响高层建筑安全性的重要因素之一,而不同的风环境会对高层建筑的风致响应存在不同程度的影响,基于此背景,本文通过高层建筑多自由度气动弹性模型风洞试验,获得了结构原始加速度时程曲线,采用随机减量法对其气动阻尼进行识别,分析了风场类型对高层建筑气动阻尼比和风致加速度响应的影响。结果表明:横风向气动阻尼比随折减风速的变化起伏较大,顺风向气动阻尼比随折减风速的增大而增大;折减风速小于特定值时,地貌类型对气动阻尼影响较小;随着风场类型从A类变化为D类,结构横、顺风向的气动阻尼比的变化趋势趋于平缓,气动阻尼比的正峰值减小,正峰值风速增大。高层建筑横风向的加速度响应大于顺风向;风场类型从A类变化为D类的过程中,横、顺风向的加速度响应均减小。风向角对气动阻尼比和加速度响应均存在较明显的影响。     

Particulate Matter Over A Seven Year Period in Urban and Rural Areas Within, Proximal and Far from Mining and Power Station Operations in Greece

Lignite mining operations and lignite-fired power stations result in major particulate pollution (fly ash and fugitive dust) problems in the areas surrounding these activities. The problem is more complicated, especially, for urban areas located not far from these activities, due to additional contribution from the urban pollution sources. Knowledge of the distribution of airborne particulate matter into size fraction has become an increasing area of focus when examining the effects of particulate pollution. On the other hand, airborne particle concentration measurements are useful in order to assess the air pollution levels based on national and international air quality standards. These measurements are also necessary for developing air pollutants control strategies or for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies, especially, for long periods. In this study an attempt is made in order to investigate the particle size distribution of fly ash and fugitive dust in a heavy industrialized (mining and power stations operations) area with complex terrain in the northwestern part of Greece. Parallel total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) concentrations are analyzed. These measurements gathered from thirteen monitoring stations located in the greater area of interest. Spatial, temporal variation and trend are analyzed over the last seven years. Furthermore, the geographical variation of PM10 – TSP correlation and PM10/TSP ratio are investigated and compared to those in the literature. The analysis has indicated that a complex system of sources and meteorological conditions modulate the particulate pollution of the examined area.     

Standardizing the Methodology of Sperm Cell Test with Paracentrotus Lividus

The sperm cell toxicity test with Paracentrotus lividus is widely used in Italy to assess the quality of complex aqueous matrices, but at present there is a shortage of standardized methodologies for the bioassay performance. In this work several critical points were considered, in order to verify the reliability of this bioassay and to improve its standardization.In particular, we have studied the differences in EC50 values at different sperm: egg ratios and with different quantities of gametes; the influence of sperm and eggs on fertilization rate and the influence of different recipients materials (plastic or glass). At the same time, it was evaluated if the obtained EC50 values were in accordance with those reported in literature.Experiments performed yielded EC50 values for copper ranging from 16.54 μ g/l to 69.59 μ g/l, with a total mean value ± SD of 39.79 μ g/l ± 11.17. These data fit with those found in literature for other echinoid species. According to the same authors, poor fertilization was probably due to the effects on sperm and not on eggs, and moreover the linear regression analysis performed on each experiment suggested that the best amount of eggs to use in the test was 1000.Results from the comparison between the performance of the test in plastic or glass tubes showed an higher success in fertilization rate using borosilicate glass tubes.     

基于有上下界风量约束的矿井风量极值流算法研究

为解决既有方法不能准确求出矿井最大通风量与最小配风量,从而导致矿井通风系统产生能源浪费或难以满足矿井通风需求,出现安全隐患与改造难度大、潜力低等问题,提出1种基于有上下界风量约束的矿井风量极值流算法.该算法首先利用最大流算法求解满足节点流量平衡与分支上下界容量限制条件的可行流问题,若存在可行流,在求得可行流基础上,再利...     

区域环境承载力评价在区域环境影响评价中的应用

论述了区域环境影响评价的概念和特点,介绍了区域环境承载力的概念和指标体系,引入了区域环境承载力相对剩余率作为区域环境承载力的评价指标,并通过实例计算,给出了区域环境承载力相对剩余率的具体计算方法和在区域环境承载力评价方面的应用。通过单项环境承载力相对剩余率和综合环境承载力相对剩余率的计算,评价了某市的开发强度和剩余环境容量。     

对于土地使用权升值问题的探讨

基于经济和社会等方面的原因,土地所有权的价格一般会不断上涨,固定年期土地使用权价格也会随之上升。但受让土地使用权价格存在类似折旧的现象。投资人能否从地价普遍上涨中获得增值收益,取决于土地所有权增值比率、土地还原利率、剩余使用年期等多种因素。     

臭氧氧化法深度处理印染废水二级出水

采用臭氧氧化法深度处理印染废水二级出水,以比臭氧消耗量为基础讨论出水水质的改善情况.实验结果表明:当比臭氧消耗量为6.5 mg/mg 时,出水的吸光度在400 nm处减少90%以上,在254 nm处减少85%以上;出水的溶解性有机碳质量浓度为11.23 mg/L、COD为16.3 mg/L;臭氧分子直接氧化对降低色度和去除有机物起到一定作用,采用臭氧氧化法深度处理印染废水二级出水在技术上是可行的.     

Determination of total content and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes by ICP-QMS

The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. An analytical method was developed with a plutonium and uranium separation procedure based on extraction chromatography (using 2 mL TEVA and UTEVA columns) and detection with a quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with a membrane desolvation system. Starting from blank swipes, the background equivalent concentration (BEC) was 8 fg for ²³⁹Pu and 1 ng ²³⁸U. The method was successfully applied to certified reference materials as well as to round robin samples obtained in the framework of the inter-laboratory exercise program, promoted by the Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), together with the US Department of Energy (USDOE). After the introduction of an additional ion-exchange separation step, the methodology was applied to the IAEA-384 sediment reference sample with precise and accurate total plutonium and uranium, ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu, ²⁴¹Pu/²³⁹Pu, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U and ²³⁵U/²³⁸U atomic ratio results.     

C/N对Carrousel 2000氧化沟同步脱氮除磷的影响研究

就C/N对Carrousel 2000氧化沟同步脱氮除磷的影响进行了研究。结果表明,进水C/N值在5～13之间时,进水C/N不影响氧化沟系统对NH₃-N的去除效果。出水NH₃-N浓度＜1 mg/L,平均去除率达到97.40%。当C/N低于11时,TN、TP的去除率随C/N的升高而快速大幅提高,分别从5时的26.47%和14.99%升至11时的93.48%和97.03%。当C/N＞11时,氧化沟TN去除率达到93.48%,TP去除率接近100%,氧化沟具有了良好的同步脱氮除磷的效果,出水水质满足国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002一级A标准)要求。TP去除率与TN去除率相关系数R₂＝0.985。     

一体化A/O工艺碳氮比对脱氮除碳的影响

依据好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化生物脱氮除碳工艺原理,设计了一体化生物膜法A/O反应器,并将其应用于生活污水处理,取得了理想的处理效果。实验结果表明,水力停留时间HRT＝12 h,COD进水浓度处于150～500 mg/L范围内,COD的去除率均在90%以上,且出水均在40 mg/L以下;当C/N比为8.5以下时,NH₃-N去除率高于90%,其出水浓度小于5 mg/L;当C/N比为7.5左右时,具有较高的总氮脱除效果,TN去除率可达到70%。