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危险品事故泄漏模糊路网应急资源优化研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
当危险品大规模泄漏事故发生后,应急物资快速配送对于减轻危险品对人员伤害和挽救损失有重要意义。首先从损毁路网修复和救援物资2个方面建立双层模型,从有限物资分配修复损毁路网和救援上进行优化分配,并通过路径优化时间最短分配物资,使应急救援系统的损失最小化。利用宽容分层的方法对模型进行求解,求解最优的物资分配和运输路径方案。最后利用算例,对模型和算法进行检验,找出需要修复受损路网中关键路段。 相似文献
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采用泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)技术分析了某精对苯二甲酸生产装置动静密封点的泄漏情况,共完成1 367个密封点的现场LDAR检测,测出28个泄漏点,总泄漏检出率为2.05%。其中储存单元的泄漏点数量较氧化单元和精制单元高,泄漏程度也较严重。泄漏点主要集中在法兰、开口管线和泵三类密封点;涉及轻液的泄漏密封点数量较多。依据LDAR检测结果,采用相关方程法估算设备动静密封点泄漏产生的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放量约为4.999 t/a。法兰的VOCs泄漏排放量最大,约占63.89%,其次是泵和采样连接系统,占泄漏排放量的20.78%和7.89%。 相似文献
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Rajendra S. Chhabra 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):173-199
The liver is the major site of metabolism of foreign chemicals, but contribution from intestinal biotransformation can influence the overall disposition of chemicals. The intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and they possess biochemical properties similar to those of the hepatic system. In general, the rate of in vitro metabolism of drug substrates in intestines is lower than in the liver. There seem to be differences in regulation and induction of hepatic and intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes. The in vitro intestinal metabolism of foreign chemicals is affected by several factors including the nutritional status of the animal. Dietary components such as vitamins, lipids and vegetables can modify the activities of intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes. Phenobarbital or 3‐methyl‐cholanthrene (3‐MC) pre‐treatment induces the hepatic metabolism of a wide variety of drug substrates in a number of species, while the stimulation of intestinal enzymes is both substrate and species specific. Rabbit intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes seem to be resistant to induction by foreign chemicals. 相似文献
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Ghulam Ghaus Choudhry 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):127-171
The formation of covalent binding to DNA of a carcinogen is now widely accepted to represent a classical mechanism of tumour induction in mammals. This mechanism does not operate with metals since no covalent binding of these agents to DNA does occur. Nevertheless, somatic mutations as typical consequences of DNA‐damage have been reported to be induced by metals in various model systems. Beside DNA‐alkylation such damages can be caused by changes in the conformation of DNA or in the fidelity of DNA‐repair. The activity of the repair enzymes DNA‐polymerases is indeed impaired by many metal ions at least in vitro. It is not yet established whether these mechanisms are also important in the intact mammalian organism. Much evidence has accumulated during the last years that a disturbance of the balance of cations and especially metal ions represents another possible mechanism of tumour induction. The tumours found with high doses of chelating agents such as nitrilo‐triacetic acid (NTA) have to be discussed in this context. Since most—if not—all of the speculative mechanisms of metal carcinogenesis resemble classical pharmacological reactions the existence of a threshold level is likely. So metal carcinogenesis will not be a problem of the environmental contamination at trace levels but a problem of occupational medicine. 相似文献
66.
本文对玻璃钢设备存在的质量隐患原因进行了分析,指明运用玻璃钢(FRP)修补与加固相结合的措施,使修补后的玻璃钢与复合衬里的抗渗透性增强,防止强腐蚀性介质对金属的腐蚀作用;对脱硫系统的玻璃钢管道,添加了一些耐磨填料进行耐磨加固,使修补后的管道既能耐酸碱又能耐石灰浆液的冲击,修补后的效果明显。 相似文献
67.
Richard Hughes 《Disasters》1982,6(3):183-194
The genera] effects of flooding on buildings and structural materials in developing countries are comprehensively reviewed. The aim of the paper is to stimulate further field based research as to how and what type of building improvements can be introduced, given the prevailing economic and cultural constraints of many communities, and to examine the appropriateness of floodproofing measures in developing countries where there are often few floodplain management or large scale flood prevention schemes. Proposals are suggested as to the method and type of information which is required for detailed studies prior to developing new and more effective building designs. 相似文献
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