环境监测系统在实验室检测能力验证中存在的问题及对策

根据2004年黑龙江省环境监测系统能力验证情况,简述了检测实验室能力验证范围及测试项目,通过检测能力验证的测试结果,分析了实验室检测中存在的问题和原因,并提出了对策建议等.     

汞的环境地球化学研究进展

介绍了目前对环境样品中总汞及其各形态未的分析方法以及大气和水生生态系统中汞的研究进展，并指出，燃煤、汞齐法采金和人造水库等引起的环境汞污染问题以及汞在热带地区水生生态系统中的迁移转化规律等是目前的研究热点。     

开远市生态——经济规划研究

开远市生态—经济规划研究总体设计分为三个研究层次，第一层次是总体发展战略研究，采用系统动力学方法进行总体模拟分析，具体研究发展战略、现行政策和未来发展的总体规划方案的趋势分析和比较，并用综合评价法模型优选总体规划方案。第二层次是环境与经济发展研究，采用投入———产出法研究经济发展的投入产出和排污水平、环境与经济调发展的宏观对策，制定实施污染物总量控制的环境综合治理规划。第三层次是研究优势资源的开发利用和生态环境的保护关系，谋求开远市经济与环境协调、稳定和持续发展、实现经济、社会和环境效益的统一。     

通信电缆、光缆及材料环境试验研究

简述了通信电缆、光缆及材料环境试验研究概况,进行了线缆 土壤腐蚀数据积累及规律性研究,取得了大量数据和研究成果,将 成果应用到国民经济建设中,为线缆的护层结构设计、材料选择、生 产维护和制定标准规范提供了科学依据。     

岩溶山区雨水资源有效利用研究——以贵州省普定县马官地下水库为例

以贵州省普定县马官地下水库为例,从区域岩溶地质概况、成库条件、库容分析和降雨量及补给量计算、工程效益等方面,对马官地下水库进行了研究,阐述了马官地下水库是岩溶山区雨水资源有效开发利用的典型,具有推广意义。     

提高循环冷却水处理水平

介绍了长岭炼油化工股份有限公司循环冷却水处理技术开发和管理的经验，分析了取得的经济效益。     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

Adaptations to the dynamics of rural water supply from natural sources: A village example in semi-arid Nigeria

Domestic and agro-economic activities in the semi-arid region of Nigeria rely exclusively on rainfall, streamflow and groundwater in deep and alluvial (fadama) aquifers. Such water supply systems are subject to considerable seasonal and inter-annual variability. However, a combination of the various sources may mitigate the effects of water scarcity. This study describes the dynamics of the water sources for a village in northeastern Nigeria as an example that demonstrates the linkages between rainfall, streamflow and groundwater. Such linkages are important for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of climatic variation. Long-term records of rainfall were not available at the site so that the short-term data was interpreted in the context of the long-term climatic experience of the region. The stratigraphic profile of the aquifer was developed from resistivity methods, to supplement information obtained from well level hydrographs. Field observations and analysis of the data reveal that the beginning of the rainy season is a precarious period because none of the water sources are reliable. Rainfall infiltration recharges the shallow aquifers while lateral water flux from the floodwater-saturated fadama also contributes to water level rises in the deep wells. A study of the water level changes in response to deepening of the wells suggests that the wells are fed by an assortment of water-bearing lenses, separated by layers of low transmissivity. One major finding of this study is that there exists a close association between the wells in this riparian community and the recharge processes within the fadama. Upstream diversion, abstraction or impoundment could therefore undermine the viability of aquifer exploitation by the communities in the riparian zone. Analysis of the interactions among the various sources of water leads to the identification of several potential adaptation strategies for confronting the problem of water scarcity.     

我国餐饮废水处理技术研究进展

综合论述了我国餐饮废水的特点及处理现状,介绍了SBR法、生物接触氧化法、厌氧-好氧联合工艺法、膜生物反应器法、混凝法、电化学法处理餐饮废水的技术及适用条件.比较了各种处理技术的优势和不足,预测了我国餐饮废水处理的发展趋势.并认为,集除油、降解有机悬浮物于一体的餐饮废水一体化处理设备将会得到广泛应用,而针对餐饮废水特点培养出高效生物菌种的复合生物技术将是治理餐饮废水的最有效方法.     

精品意识在教学过程中的实施

以教师、课程与教材、课堂、科研等要素为出发点,提出了精品意识在教学过程中的实施方法。