微波解吸技术及其应用

通过实验数据对活性炭的升温行为进行了定量描述并对微波解吸动力学模式进行了分析。结果表明,活性炭升温行为可分为2个阶段进行描述,微波解吸再生载乙醇活性炭的速度很快,1 min即可达到80％以上的脱附率,一般3～4 min后脱附率达90％以上,整个解吸过程所用的时间不到6 min.     

Incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model

Preliminary research was conducted about how to incorporate sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments into single-chemical and one-dimensional water quality model of Jinghang Canal.Sedimentation-resuspension coefficient k3 was deduced; characteristics of organic pollutants, concentrations and components of suspended solids/sediments and hydrological and hydraulic conditions were integrated into k3 and further into river water quality model; impact of sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments on prediction function of the model was discussed. Results demonstrated that this impact is pronounced for organic pollutants with relatively large Koc and Kow, especially when they are also conservative and foc of riversuspended solids/sediments is high, and that incorporation of sorption/ desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model can improve its prediction accuracy.     

模拟重金属污染土壤的强化解吸与解吸液降解

文章对EDTA强化解吸模拟重金属污染土壤进行了实验研究。结果表明,EDTA能够迅速地解吸模拟土壤中的Cu、Cd和Pb等重金属。初始EDTA浓度、解吸时间以及离子强度的增加对土壤中重金属的解吸效果有一定的正影响作用。此外,考察了土壤解吸废液在零价铁/曝气体系中的处理。经过零价铁/曝气技术后,解吸废液中的重金属离子能被完全去除,EDTA和TOC的去除率分别达到了94.8%和86.6%。     

超声场中活性炭上Zn2+的吸附/脱附

采用静态条件,考察了超声波对活性炭上Zn2+吸附/脱附性能的影响.结果表明,有/无超声作用下,活性炭对Zn2+的吸附率均随Zn2+初始浓度的增加而减少,该吸附过程属于优惠吸附, Langmuir模型能更好描述该过程,超声的引入对活性炭吸附Zn2+有一定抑制作用.脱附研究发现,在蒸馏水介质中,Zn2+脱附率仅为2.11%,加入超声后Zn2+的脱附率提高至20.8%,添加NaOH后脱附率明显增加,有/无超声作用下的脱附率分别为40.1%和33.1%.动力学分析表明,Zn2+在活性炭上的吸附/脱附均符合2级反应动力学.     

Effects of β-cyclodextrin on adsorption and desorption of carbofuran in soils of divergent texture

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the adsorption/desorption equilibrium of carbofuran between four divergently textured soils and distilled water and an aqueous solution of 0.01?mol?L^?1 β-cyclodextrin using a batch equilibrium technique. The determined adsorption isotherms for silt loam soils were of L-shaped, for sandy loam soil S-shaped, in agreement with a Freundlich isotherm. In the presence of β-cyclodextrin, the adsorption of carbofuran to the four soils was lower than with distilled water. Positive hysteresis was observed in all soils with distilled water, negative hysteresis when using a solution of β-cyclodextrin as desorbent. The results indicate the potential use of β-cyclodextrin for remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils.     

Granulation of gibbsite with inorganic binder and its ability to adsorb Mo(VI) from aqueous solution

In this study, we prepared a new adsorbent and evaluated its ability to adsorb Mo(VI). Gibbsite was granulated with colloidal alumina or colloidal silica. The amount of Mo(VI) adsorbed onto granular gibbsite with a binder, effect of contact time and pH on the adsorption of Mo(VI), and column experiments were investigated. The amount of Mo(VI) adsorbed was greater in the order of ST12 (colloidal silica, 12%)?相似文献   

Effects of organic acids on Cd adsorption and desorption by two anthropic soils

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of malic, tartaric, oxalic, and citric acid on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cd by two typical anthropic soils (lou soil and irrigation-silted soil) in North-west China. Cadmium adsorption and desorption were studied under a range of temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C), organic acid concentrations (0.5–5.0 mmol·L^-1), and pH values (2–8). The results showed that the Cd adsorption capacity of the lou soil was significantly greater than that of the irrigation-silted soil. Generally, Cd adsorption increased as the temperature increased. In the presence of NaNO₃, the adsorption of Cd was endothermic with ΔH values of 31.365 kJ·mol^-1 for lou soil and 28.278?kJ·mol^-1 for irrigation-silted soil. The endothermic reaction indicated that H bonds were the main driving force for Cd adsorption in both soils. However, different concentrations of organic acids showed various influences on the two soils. In the presence of citric acid, chemical adsorption and van der Waals interactions were the main driving forces for Cd adsorption rather than H bonds. Although the types of organic acids and soil properties were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption and desorption of Cd were similar in the two soils. The adsorption percentage of Cd generally decreased as organic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the adsorption percentage increased as the pH of the initial solution increased. The exception was that adsorption percentage of Cd increased slightly as oxalic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the desorption percentage of Cd increased with increasing concentrations of organic acids but decreased as the initial solution pH increased.     

Effects of citric acid on Cu（Ⅱ） and Cd（ Ⅱ ） adsorption ＆ desorption in calcareous cinnamon soil

通过室内培养和吸附-解吸实验,研究了不同柠檬酸含量土壤对Cu2＋、Cd2＋吸附-解吸的影响.结果表明,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量随加入柠檬酸量的增加而明显增加,达到峰值后（柠檬酸含量为0.5 mmol.kg-1）,吸附量随柠檬酸含量的增加而下降,即Cu2＋的吸附曲线呈峰型.在低柠檬酸含量时,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量受Cd2＋浓度影响较小,但随柠檬酸含量的增加,在低铜浓度处理（Cu2＋浓度为600 mg·L-1,Cu600）下,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量随Cd2＋浓度的增大而增大,但在高浓度铜处理（Cu2＋浓度为1000 mg·L-1,Cu1000）下,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量随Cd2＋浓度的增加而减少.Cu2＋的解吸量随柠檬酸含量的增加而总体上降低;相同柠檬酸含量下,Cu600处理下,Cd2＋浓度为10 mg·L-1（Cd10）条件下Cu2＋解吸量明显低于无Cd2＋（Cd0）和Cd2＋浓度为1 mg·L-1（Cd1）条件下.而Cu1000处理下,Cd2＋的浓度对Cu2＋解吸量的影响较小.Cd2＋吸附量随柠檬酸含量的增加无明显变化,但随Cu2＋浓度的增加下降明显,其中无Cu2＋处理Cd2＋吸附量极显著地高于Cu600和Cu1000处理,而Cu600和Cu1000处理间差异不显著,且土壤对Cd2＋的吸附随镉添加量增加而增加;Cd2＋的解吸量随柠檬酸含量的增加先增大后保持稳定,在柠檬酸含量为0.5 mmol.kg-1时达到最大,Cu600处理的Cd2＋的解吸量显著地高于Cu1000处理.     

Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 mol·L^-1 CaCl₂ as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation (R₂>0.96). The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb(II) than Cu(II), which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1∶1 molar ratio of Pb(II) and Cu(II), the total amount of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions.     

可再生胺法用于烟道气脱硫吸收解吸一体化的研究

以乙二胺-磷酸为吸收脱硫剂,用自制填料塔作为气液相传质设备,对烟道气中的SO2气体进行脱除和再生实验,通过间歇实验和全连续两种操作工艺,研究了一系列单因素实验,考察了乙二胺浓度、液气比、吸收液初始pH、解吸塔底是否通空气以及温度等对实验吸收率和解吸率的影响,最后得到最佳的工艺操作条件:解吸时塔底通空气,乙二胺浓度0.3～0.4 mol/L,吸收液初始pH=7.3～8.0,液气比L/G=1.0,解吸温度为100℃。