Fish consumption reduces transfer of BDE47 from dam to murine offspring

Fish and seafood are important contributions to a healthy diet, but also contain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Discrepancies have been found between intake and accumulated levels of POPs, where fish consumers have had similar levels of POPs to the general population. Similarly fish oil consumption has been found to reduce accumulation of POPs. This study examined the accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in mice fed diets with different nutritional composition, using female mice with pre-weanling pups exposed through gestation and lactation. A fish-based diet was compared to a standard casein-based rodent diet. All diets had low background levels of environmental contaminants and were spiked with BDE47 or PCB153 to levels representing a realistic (∼0.004 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d) or a high dietary exposure (∼1.3 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d). Accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in offspring tissues after 18 d lactation reflected the maternal exposure levels. However, the pups of dams fed a fish-based diet had consistently lower BDE47 accumulation in liver, fat and stomach than pups from casein-fed dams. Similarly the pups of dams fed a high dose of PCB153 in a fish diet also accumulated less PCB153 than pups of the dams fed a casein diet, although not significant. In conclusion, the fish based diets seemed to reduce transfer of BDE47 and PCB153 from dams to pups. The study highlights that in-depth knowledge about nutritional impact on toxicokinetics is of great interest to vulnerable consumers.     

Locating industrial VOC sources with aircraft observations

Observation and characterization of environmental pollution, focussing on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), in a high-risk industrial area, are particularly important in order to provide indications on a safe level of exposure, indicate eventual priorities and advise on policy interventions. The aim of this study is to use the Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) method to measure VOCs, directly coupled with atmospheric measurements taken on a small aircraft environmental platform, to evaluate and locate the presence of VOC emission sources in the Marghera industrial area. Lab analysis of collected SPME fibres and subsequent analysis of mass spectrum and chromatograms in Scan Mode allowed the detection of a wide range of VOCs. The combination of this information during the monitoring campaign allowed a model (Gaussian Plume) to be implemented that estimates the localization of emission sources on the ground.     

认知与方法论双视角下建筑工人不安全行为的研究现状及发展趋势分析

鉴于不安全行为发生时工人处在一个特定主体、空间及时间的三维空间,并存在与之相对应的总体效度、生态效度和时间效度,采用定性方法对认知与方法论双视角下建筑工人不安全行为的研究现状及发展趋势进行了多维度、多效度分析.结果表明:当前认知视角下建筑工人不安全行为研究主要采用具有较高总体效度的自我报告法、行为观察法等传统研究方法,...     

含油废水处理工艺优化研究

在已开发的含油废水处理装置的基础上,对其整体结构、旋分分离部分进行改进,并筛选出性能优良的填料。将原处理装置的单向旋分器改进为双向旋分器、采用YS填料之后,对石油类浓度低于400mg/L的含油废水,经该装置处理后,石油类的去除率达到90%以上;石油类浓度低于80mg/L的含油废水,经该装置处理后,石油类的去除率达95%,石油类的浓度小于10mg/L,达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8798-1996)二级标准的要求。改进后的装置对高、中、低不同浓度石油类的含油废水均有较好的处理效果。     

瓦斯煤尘爆炸特性及传播规律研究进展

概要介绍国内外的瓦斯爆炸和瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸特性及传播规律研究进展,瓦斯爆炸研究主要集中在瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰、温度等特征参数、不同障碍物对瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰传播的影响以及分岔、拐弯等不同形状管道内的传播规律,而瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸研究主要集中在瓦斯对煤尘爆炸的最小点火能、爆炸下限、最大爆炸压力等爆炸特性及传播规律的影响。对不同研究人员采用的主要研究指标、手段、方法和研究结论进行综合评述,同时也对爆炸事故人员伤害模型在国内外的研究状况进行讨论,最后指出目前存在的主要问题和下一步的研究方向。     

斜气流技术的试验研究与工程应用

针对电除尘器运行过程中出现的除尘效率下降问题,进行了斜气流技术模拟试验.试验中采用不同的调节装置,将气流调整到预定的斜气流廓线模式.分析了不同气流调节装置对流速分布的影响,将优化后的斜气流方案运用到实际工程中,取得了良好的效果.     

一体式悬浮载体生物流化床啤酒废水处理研究

中小型点源污染的控制是提高水环境质量和解决水资源短缺的关键。一体式悬浮载体生物流化床(ISCBFB)占地面积小、处理效率高,适合中小型点源污水的处理。以公牛啤酒厂废水为试验原水进行了研究,试验期间进水COD平均浓度1 213.38 mg/L,出水平均为50.75 mg/L,平均去除率达到95.82%。进水氨氮平均浓度为22.50 mg/L,出水平均为4.31 mg/L,平均去除率达到80.99%,试验中全部出水水样COD及氨氮浓度均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1988)一级标准。总之,一体式悬浮载体生物流化床对啤酒废水具有很好的去除效果。     

西方灾后重建经济理论及其借鉴意义

介绍了Yasuh ide Okuyam a的灾后重建经济理论,重点分析了灾害发生以后经济的变动情况,以及在灾害后的经济重建过程中,储蓄率和技术进步率等变量将如何变化,进而如何影响灾后的经济重建过程。阐述了借鉴此理论对中国汶川8.0级地震灾后重建的指导意义。     

Parsing participation: models of engagement for outcomes monitoring in urban stewardship

Few urban environmental stewardship, or civic ecology, practices monitor their impacts on local communities and ecosystems. This lack of monitoring prevents lay stewards from adapting their practices based on outcomes. For those that do collect data on their practices, we see different forms of practitioner engagement in outcomes monitoring. We categorise these different forms of engagement according to five published models of public participation in scientific research, revealing different strategies for collecting and analysing data towards adaptive co-management in urban ecosystems. We propose two broad strategies for expanding outcomes monitoring in these contexts: creating openly accessible tools and protocols for do-it-yourself inquiry and supporting more resource-intensive partnerships between practitioners and scientists for more complex forms of outcomes monitoring.