The Conservation Relevance of Epidemiological Research into Carnivore Viral Diseases in the Serengeti

Abstract:  Recent outbreaks of rabies and canine distemper in wildlife populations of the Serengeti show that infectious disease constitutes a significant cause of mortality that can result in regional extirpation of endangered species even within large, well-protected areas. Nevertheless, effective management of an infectious disease depends critically on understanding the epidemiological dynamics of the causative pathogen. Pathogens with short infection cycles cannot persist in small populations in the absence of a more permanent reservoir of infection. Development of appropriate interventions requires detailed data on transmission pathways between reservoirs and wildlife populations of conservation concern. Relevant data can be derived from long-term population monitoring, epidemic and case-surveillance patterns, genetic analyses of rapidly evolving pathogens, serological surveys, and intervention studies. We examined studies of carnivore diseases in the Serengeti. Epidemiological research contributes to wildlife conservation policy in terms of management of endangered populations and the integration of wildlife conservation with public health interventions. Long-term, integrative, cross-species research is essential for formulation of effective policy for disease control and optimization of ecosystem health.     

克隆植物生理整合作用的研究方法及其应用

生理整合作用是克隆植物的一个重要特征,克隆植物所表现出的许多独特的生态学行为,均与其所具有的生理整合效应密切相关.本文总结并分析了迄今为止在研究克隆植物生理整合作用方面所采用的各种方法,并将其归纳为直接和间接方法两个大类.通过这些研究方法的综合运用,克隆植物生理整合效应的机制、格局及其影响因素可以得到更加深入的揭示.在不断深化和拓展现有研究方法的基础上,今后在克隆植物生理整合效应的研究方面,还应较多地关注更为精确的研究方法,以及野外或自然条件下的实地研究.参104     

南岳自然保护区宗教文化资源的调查研究

南岳宗教文化历史悠久，最早进入南岳的宗教是中国土生土长的道教，据史载，西汉时道家就在南岳活动，到东汉时道教天师张道陵从天目山来南岳谒青玉坛和祭祀祝融神后，道教正式进入南岳活动，约在两晋南北朝时期，佛道传入南岳，至今已有1700年历史；佛道两家虽然信仰不同，追求各异，但友好相处，佛、道共存一山，共荣一庙(南岳庙)，佛道共荣的宗教文化尤为国内外宗教名山所罕见，极盛时期，有宫观41所，佛寺150所；基督教于清末传入南岳，也有一定影响，南岳宗教文化的表现形式有：香期、庙会．     

试论企业文化建设在我国旅游企业中的现状与作用

随着社会的进步和生产力的发展，企业文化作为一种新的管理理念逐渐被人们所接受并越来越受到许多企业家的青睐，本文首先从企业文化中的概念入手，简单阐述企业文化的核心和根本，然后重点分析企业文化在我国旅游企业中的现状和建设过程中存在的问题、原因以及加强企业文化建设的若干对策，最后总结出企业文化的作用．     

Use of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Marine Conservation

Abstract:  Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) represents multiple bodies of knowledge accumulated through many generations of close interactions between people and the natural world. TEK and its application via customary ecological management plans can be useful in modern conservation programs. I disaggregate the term TEK into its constituent parts and show several ways in which TEK can strengthen research designs by increasing locality-specific knowledge, including environmental linkages occurring in those localities. Examples of the uses of TEK in conservation include folk taxonomy in systematics in Micronesia, species knowledge for conservation in Kiribati, and fishers' knowledge of ecological interactions for reserve design in Belize. When conservationists recognize the utility of TEK, they can engage in an equitable exchange of knowledge and foster shared responsibility with indigenous people. These types of exchanges can also provide an opportunity for indigenous people to develop a scientific infrastructure.     

溧阳两次中强震的灾情与相关异常

本文对1974年4月22日和1979年7月9日在江南水乡溧阳先后发生的两次中强地震的灾情进行回顾以及地方地震部门在抗震救灾中应发挥的作用进行总结,同时,对这两次中强震前的相关异常进行分析,这样可为我们今后的地震预报提供参考,也可为我们以后的抗震设防和抗震救灾提供借鉴。     

PREP-PAC: a nutrient replenishment product designed for smallholders in western Kenya

Continuous cropping in the absence of external nutrient inputs to soils has led to the expression of poorly productive patches in farmers’ fields of western Kenya. Farmers attempting to correct these conditions are often confused by the spatial and symptomatic irregularity of affected plants and, until recently, no soil management product was commercially available that is specifically formulated to restore soil fertility to these patches. PREP-PAC consists of 2.0 kg of Minjingu rock phosphate (RP), 200 g of urea, seeds of various symbiotic nitrogen-fixing food legumes, rhizobial inoculant, gum arabic seed adhesive, lime for seed pelleting, and instructions for the use of these materials. It is intended for addition to 25 m² and produced at a cost of $ 0.56 per unit. The general principle is to apply slowly available RP sufficient for several cropping seasons with readily available nitrogenous fertilizer and to intercrop farmer’s maize (Zea mays) with a legume that provides residual fixed-nitrogen and organic inputs to the soil. This approach was tested in on-farm experiments conducted in collaboration with several grassroots rural development organizations. An experiment examined interactions between PREP-PAC components in a maize–soybean (Glycine max) intercrop in nutrient-depleted soils with sandy and clayey surface horizons. The treatments included ±RP, ±urea, and ±inoculants arranged as a 2³ factorial with four replicates at each location. Total value of the intercrops ranged between $ 0.83 in the unamended plots and $ 2.44 in plots treated with PREP-PAC. Significant positive effects were observed with the addition of RP (P<0.001), urea (P=0.04), and inoculant (P=0.01) and in interactions between RP and urea (P=0.02) or inoculant (P=0.07). The return ratio to PREP-PAC investment was 2.6 in the sandy soil and 3.7 in the clay. PREP-PACs were tested on-farm in 52 symptomatic patches containing maize–bean intercrops with and without an improved variety of climbing Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Flora. Unamended patches (25 m²=0.0025 ha) produced 1.6 kg maize and 0.08 kg bean. With addition of PREP-PAC containing Flora, yields increased to 4.1 kg maize and 1.1 kg bean (P<0.001 for both crops). Improvement in bean yield during the first cropping season nearly offset PREP-PAC’s investment costs. PREP-PAC is a strategic approach because all of its ingredients, except for urea, originate from East Africa, and are relatively inexpensive; the product is intended for distribution through existing retail and development networks.     

四川九寨黄龙机场高填方地基变形与稳定性系统研究

<正>随着我国西部大开发战略实施,多山的西南地区机场建设进入迅猛发展阶段。这些机场的特点是高填方、高地震烈度、场区地质条件复杂、常分布有软弱土层,且机场建设周期短。因而妥善解决机场高填方地基的稳定与变形(沉降与差异沉降)是该地     

关于我国环境影响评价发展与完善的思考

从可持续发展的角度分析了我国目前环境影响评价工作的现状及存在的问题 ,并从法规、管理、技术、评价范围、程序等多个方面提出了针对性建议。     

战略环境评价的国际研究动向

战略环境评价是国际上近年来的研究热点,但就目前来看还没有对其形成统一的认识和理解。以近年来相关研究的文章和案例为基础,总结并阐述了国际上战略环境评价研究的3个明显的动向:以决策为目标的战略环境评价,以传统环境影响评价为基础的战略环境评价和与可持续发展战略结合的战略环境评价。