Food site residence time and female competitive relationships in wild gray-cheeked mangabeys (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lophocebus albigena</Emphasis>)

Authors of socioecological models propose that food distribution affects female social relationships in that clumped food resources, such as fruit, result in strong dominance hierarchies and favor coalition formation with female relatives. A number of Old World monkey species have been used to test predictions of the socioecological models. However, arboreal forest-living Old World monkeys have been understudied in this regard, and it is legitimate to ask whether predominantly arboreal primates living in tropical forests exhibit similar or different patterns of behavior. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate female dominance relationships in relation to food in gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). Since gray-cheeked mangabeys are largely frugivorous, we predicted that females would have linear dominance hierarchies and form coalitions. In addition, recent studies suggest that long food site residence time is another important factor in eliciting competitive interactions. Therefore, we also predicted that when foods had long site residence times, higher-ranking females would be able to spend longer at the resource than lower-ranking females. Analyses showed that coalitions were rare relative to some other Old World primate species, but females had linear dominance hierarchies. We found that, contrary to expectation, fruit was not associated with more agonism and did not involve long site residence times. However, bark, a food with a long site residence time and potentially high resource value, was associated with more agonism, and higher-ranking females were able to spend more time feeding on it than lower-ranking females. These results suggest that higher-ranking females may benefit from higher food and energy intake rates when food site residence times are long. These findings also add to accumulating evidence that food site residence time is a behavioral contributor to female dominance hierarchies in group-living species.     

Eulerian and lagrangian transport time scales of a tidal active coastal basin

In this work the flushing features of a tidal active coastal basin, the Venice lagoon, have been investigated. The water transport time scale (TTS) has been computed by means of both an eulerian and a lagrangian approach. The obtained results have been compared in order to identify the main differences between the two methods.     

聚丙烯酰胺作为唯一碳源的好氧和厌氧生物降解

油田为提高原油采收率而采用聚合物驱油作业,产生的采出水中残留着阴离子型高分子质量聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)。废水中PAM和淀粉共存时PAM可发生碳链断裂和生物降解,然而以PAM作为唯一碳源的生物降解性还不清楚。利用好氧悬浮污泥和厌氧升流式反应器,分别处理PAM为唯一碳源的模拟废水(水力停留时间(HRT)为2 d,PAM浓度为200 mg·L^-1),结果表明,好氧反应器出水的PAM浓度和黏度均没有降低,同时运行84 d后污泥流失,造成系统崩溃。而厌氧反应器出水PAM浓度和黏度分别降为169.81 mg·L^-1和1.50 mPa·s,流场流分离耦合多维角度激光光散射分析发现PAM的分子质量从2.17×10⁷ Da降低到3.35×10⁶ Da,表明厌氧条件下可以利用PAM作为唯一碳源进行生物降解,并发生碳链断裂。延长HRT从2~8 d可以提高利用PAM作为唯一碳源的厌氧处理效果,出水分子质量进一步降低到1.60×10⁶ Da,同时黏度也从1.50 mPa·s降低到1.21 mPa·s。串联生物膜反应器也可以提高利用PAM作为唯一碳源的厌氧生物处理效果,在HRT为4 d条件下PAM的分子质量和黏度降低到1.87×10⁶ Da和1.26 mPa·s。     

多隔室厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）的水力特性试验研究

对ABR反应器的水力流态进行了示踪剂试验，分析了特征截面面积对ABR水力特性的影响，采用停留时间分布（RTD）法研究了不同进水COD浓度和HRT条件下ABR反应器的水力特性，结果表明：不同进水COD浓度时ABR反应器的RTD曲线相似，表明进水COD浓度不是影响ABR水力特性的主要因素；不同HRT条件下RTD曲线差异很大，表明HRT对ABR的水力特性影响较大，随着水力停留时间的延长，Ⅳ值增大，1／Pe减小，ABR的流态趋于推流流态，随着HRT的缩短，Ⅳ值减小，1／Pe数增大，ABR反应器趋于完全混合流态。     

流动人口居留意愿的梯度变动与影响机制

随着城乡利益格局的变化,新生代流动人口的居留意愿呈现出新的特征,其变动与城市类型密切相关。利用调查数据进行分析,发现新生代流动人口的居留意愿表现出随流入地的城市类型而梯度变动的特征,即呈现出在大城市的居留意愿强,中小城市的流动性强和特大城市的返乡意愿强的特征,大城市是新生代流动人口实现留城理想与个人发展最佳的平台。但是总的来说,新生代流动人口的流动行为与第一代流动人口同中存异,没有出现根本性的改变。利用多层模型,对新生代流动人口居留意愿的影响机制进行了实证分析,发现城市类型、经济收入、社会融入与身份认同、家庭迁居、户籍可获得性是影响居留意愿的重要因素。此外,户籍可获得性与新生代流动人口身份认同交互作用显著的影响了新生代流动人口的居留意愿,并进一步增强了居留意愿在不同城市类型的差异。这体现出户籍制度对流动者的影响逐步由早期的福利隔绝向心理隔绝转变。对不同城市类型新生代流动人口居留意愿的差异进行量化分析发现,特大城市和大城市流动者的居留意愿呈现刚性,而超大城市和中小城市流动者居留意愿具有弹性。根据上述分析提出政策建议:将大城市作为吸纳流动人口的主导区域构建城市发展规划策略,发挥特大城市和大城市的集聚效应,促进区域的产业发展;在城市社区建设和城市文明建设方面,为流动人口与城市居民的相互融合提供政策支持;依托政府、社会组织与学校,提升新生代流动人口的人力资本。     

不同人工湿地系统处理生活污水的比较研究

以华南1号杂交狼尾草、海芋、春砂仁、文殊兰、美人蕉、沿阶草、鸢尾和红草为湿地植物,以煤渣、麻石、陶粒为填料构成几种人工湿地系统,对生活污水进行处理研究。结果表明:当进水COD浓度小于345mg/L时,各系统出水COD浓度均小于60 mg/L(停留时间为6 h),达到GB 18918-2002的一级B标准;当进水TP浓度在4.44~8.17 mg/L之间,NH4+-N浓度在41.3 mg/L以下,TN浓度在66.1 mg/L以下时,各系统出水TP、氨氮、总氮浓度分别小于1,25,20 mg/L(停留时间为12h),均达到GB18918-2002的二级B标准。     

城市小区雨水径流水质监测及特性分析

通过对上海理工大学校园区的不同下垫面产生的径流水质的监测,及其对污染主要影响因素与污染程度的分析表明,下垫面材料、降雨历时、降雨强度及降雨量等是小区雨水径流水质的重要影响因素。小区径流水质的主要污染为有机污染及悬浮固体污染,且有机污染指标COD、悬浮固体污染指标SS、浊度随径流历时的变化满足指数方程。     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength,hydraulic residence time(HRT),and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product(SMP) production were investigated,to gain insights into the production mechanism.A carrier anaerobic batfled reactor (CABR) treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions,namely,feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L,HRTs of 9-18 h,and temperatures of 10-28℃.Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature.At high temperature (28℃),SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature Was decreased to 18 and 10℃.the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT Therefore,temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) ratio Was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation.SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR.As a secondary metabolite.some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.     

多介质潜流人工湿地的水动力过程模拟

水动力过程是湿地净化功能发挥的重要机制之一.根据脉冲示踪试验,获得潜流人工湿地的水力停留时间分布曲线.针对其"多峰"现象,利用数学软件MATLAB7.0分别将对数正态分布、对流扩散模型以及考虑延迟的连续完全混合反应器模型时脉冲示踪试验数据进行叠加模拟,同时利用多流弥散模型拟合分析,结果表明:叠加模型和多流弥散模型均能较...     

加强对现代住宅建筑隔声问题的重视

通过对噪声在人们日常生活中的影响与干扰,分析了目前建筑业在开发房地产时忽略噪声这一问题的主要原因,明确指出房地产开发商应将噪声控制在人们对居住环境达到满意或者基本满意,给居民一个优雅、安静的生存环境。