缩聚-Fenton-A/O生物流化床组合工艺处理酚醛废水的工程案例分析

以广州某公司生产酚醛树脂时产生的酚醛废水为研究对象,针对其高浓度、生物毒性强、可生化性差及难降解等特点,设计缩聚-Fenton-A/O生物流化床联合工艺进行处理。此工艺的工程实践中,在总HRT低于75 h的操作条件下,当进水COD、苯酚及甲醛浓度分别为1.0×105～1.2×105 mg/L、2.2×104～2.5×1...     

水域泄漏油品回收处理技术

提出了水域泄漏油品回收技术的装备需求,介绍了水域泄漏油品问收处理措施.采用拦油栅来控制漂浮在水上的油品,将泄漏油品集中在相对较小的区域内,并使水面的浮油层加厚,然后使用人工或机械对泄漏油品进行回收.对于水域中的少量泄漏油品,采用吸油材料来进行吸附.在油膜较薄,难以用机械方法回收的情况下,使用消油剂或固化剂进行处理.水域...     

树脂-气升式环流生物反应器的脱氮性能

为了提高废水生物处理过程的脱氮性能,设计了树脂-气升式环流生物反应器,通过实验考察了该反应器连续抗氨氮冲击的能力,并验证了反应器中吸附铵离子的强酸阳离子树脂生物再生的可行性,分析了生物再生机理。结果表明,原水中铵离子之外的阳离子的存在是实现树脂生物再生的关键。     

木粉/壳聚糖接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸附树脂对二元重金属离子溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附

采用自制木粉/壳聚糖接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸附树脂R1、R2、R3对二元金属离子Cu2＋/Pb2＋和Zn2＋/Pb2＋溶液中的吸附性能进行了较系统考察。Pb2＋离子溶液中存在竞争离子Cu2＋、Zn2＋时,随竞争离子浓度增加,3种吸附树脂R1、R2、R3对Pb2＋的吸附量明显下降,而竞争离子吸附量显著增加。二元溶液中各金属离子浓度相同时,3种树脂对竞争离子Cu2＋、Zn2＋的吸附量大于对Pb2＋的吸附量;各溶液中分别加入NaCl及NaNO3、尿素后,对Pb2＋离子的吸附量下降迅速。随吸附树脂用量增加,竞争离子Cu2＋、Zn2＋的吸附量逐渐减小,Pb2＋的吸附量在吸附树脂用量0.10 g/L（Zn2＋/Pb2＋溶液）或0.15 g/L（Cu2＋/Pb2＋溶液）时出现最大值。溶液pH值对树脂吸附性能有显著影响。3.0     

羊毛角蛋白接枝聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸水树脂的制备

以废弃羊毛为主要原料,采用溶液聚合法制备了羊毛角蛋白接枝聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂。详细探讨了羊毛角蛋白含量、丙烯酸比例、反应温度、交联剂和引发剂等条件对合成树脂吸水性能的影响。结果显示,当角蛋白占比为5 wt%,丙烯酸比例为70%,反应温度为70℃,交联剂用量为0.1 wt%,引发剂用量为0.8 wt%时,改性树脂吸水倍率最好。另外,采用红外光谱、全质构仪和吸水速率对角蛋白改性前后的产物进行了结构分析和性能测试。结果显示,羊毛角蛋白的引入可以提高树脂的强度、吸水速率和耐盐能力。     

剩余污泥中微生物絮凝剂的提取方法比较

分别采用低浓度和高浓度剩余污泥对剩余污泥中微生物絮凝剂(MBF)的多种提取方法(超声法、树脂法、超声-树脂法、树脂-超声法、超声-树脂-超声法和树脂-超声-树脂法等)进行了比较研究.结果表明,各种复合形式的提取效果均优于超声法或树脂法单独使用的提取效果.在各种复合形式中,以树脂-超声法所提取MBF的含量最高且絮凝效果最好.此外,所提取的MBF浓度与污泥浓度正相关.从剩余污泥中直接提取MBF,在降低MBF生产成本的同时实现了污泥的资源化利用.     

大孔树脂NKA-II对双酚A的吸附性能

研究了大孔树脂NKA-II对双酚A（BPA）的吸附性能,考察了吸附过程的动力学、热力学及树脂的再生性能。BPA溶液呈弱酸性,不需调节pH可直接进行吸附。BPA在大孔树脂NKA-II上的吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程很好地描述。树脂对BPA的吸附是吸热反应,符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附过程属于可自发进行的物理吸附。BPA的吸附过程中同时存在着溶剂的解吸。大孔树脂NKA-II具有良好的重复使用性能,新树脂的平衡吸附量为10.44 mg/g,再生20次后平衡吸附量仍为10.43 mg/g。     

三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂制备的高吸水树脂对重金属的吸附

以前期工作中合成的树脂PAANa-TE为吸附剂进行重金属吸附测试,考察吸附剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、吸附时间、溶液pH、初始浓度和吸附温度对树脂吸附重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr3+和Co2+性能的影响,用原子吸收分光光度计测定了树脂吸附Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr3+和Co2+后的残留浓度,树脂对4种金属离子的吸附容量分别为21.59、2.39、5.66和4.98 mmol/g,吸附容量大小为Cu2+Cr3+Co2+Pb2+,吸附速率顺序为Cr3+Pb2+Cu2+Co2+。结果表明,该树脂对高浓度重金属离子有较快速,高效率的吸附,吸附过程在100 min左右吸附容量达到最大,并用不同浓度的酸对吸附重金属离子的树脂进行脱附处理,脱附量很小,据此可考虑进一步对金属离子进行回收处理。且脱附率较低,因此,可对工业化和城市化进程所产生的各种化学形态的重金属水体污染物造成的生态环境和质量问题起到重要的改善作用。     

高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水的预处理

采用二次缩合反应预处理高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水。一次反应的最佳工艺条件为：甲醛加入量0.010 0 mL/mL,Ba（OH）2加入量0.005 g/mL,反应时间3 h,反应温度85 ℃。最佳工艺条件下的一次反应COD去除率为 52.9%。二次反应中,当反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h、尿素加入量为3 g/L时,二次反应COD去除率最高,为31.5%。COD=85 000 mg/L、ρ（挥发酚）= 12 000 mg/L、ρ（甲醛）=6 740 mg/L的废水经两次缩合反应处理后,出水中COD=27 400 mg/L,COD的总去除率为67.8%;ρ（挥发酚）=2 400 mg/L,挥发酚的总去除率达80.0%;ρ（甲醛）= 980 mg/L,甲醛的总去除率达84.9%。处理1 t废水还可回收酚醛树脂6.75 kg。     

CO2 Capture and Storage with Leakage in an Energy-Climate Model

Geological CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) is among the main near-term contenders for addressing the problem of global climate change. Even in a baseline scenario, with no comprehensive international climate policy, a moderate level of CCS technology is expected to be deployed, given the economic benefits associated with enhanced oil and gas recovery. With stringent climate change control, CCS technologies will probably be installed on an industrial scale. Geologically stored CO₂, however, may leak back to the atmosphere, which could render CCS ineffective as climate change reduction option. This article presents a long-term energy scenario study for Europe, in which we assess the significance for climate policy making of leakage of CO₂ artificially stored in underground geological formations. A detailed sensitivity analysis is performed for the CO₂ leakage rate with the bottom-up energy systems model MARKAL, enriched for this purpose with a large set of CO₂ capture technologies (in the power sector, industry, and for the production of hydrogen) and storage options (among which enhanced oil and gas recovery, enhanced coal bed methane recovery, depleted fossil fuel fields, and aquifers). Through a series of model runs, we confirm that a leakage rate of 0.1%/year seems acceptable for CCS to constitute a meaningful climate change mitigation option, whereas one of 1%/year is not. CCS is essentially no option to achieve CO₂ emission reductions when the leakage rate is as high as 1%/year, so more reductions need to be achieved through the use of renewables or nuclear power, or in sectors like industry and transport. We calculate that under strict climate control policy, the cumulative captured and geologically stored CO₂ by 2100 in the electricity sector, when the leakage rate is 0.1%/year, amounts to about 45,000 MtCO₂. Only a little over 10,000 MtCO₂ cumulative power-generation-related emissions are captured and stored underground by the end of the century when the leakage rate is 1%/year. Overall marginal CO₂ abatement costs increase from a few €/tCO₂ today to well over 150 €/tCO₂ in 2100, under an atmospheric CO₂ concentration constraint of 550 ppmv. Carbon costs in 2100 turn out to be about 40 €/tCO₂ higher when the annual leakage rate is 1%/year in comparison to when there is no CO₂ leakage. Irrespective of whether CCS deployment is affected by gradual CO₂ seepage, the annual welfare loss in Europe induced by the implementation of policies preventing “dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” (under our assumption, implying a climate stabilisation target of 550 ppmv CO₂ concentration) remains below 0.5% of GDP during the entire century.