中压天然气管道泄漏扩散模拟研究

建立了埋地中压天然气管道发生泄漏时时的数学模型,将土壤视为各向同性的多孔介质,采用FLUENT对天然气在土壤中的扩散规律及浓度分布进行模拟,分析不同时刻地表的危险区域范围,并对比了不同管道压力、泄漏孔径大小、泄漏位置等工况下危险半径随时间的变化。结果表明:管道压力越大,泄漏的体积流量越大,同一时间危险范围越大;相同的泄漏压力下,泄漏孔径对危险半径没有很大影响;不同泄漏孔位置,泄漏初期向上开口时危险半径最大,一段时间后向下开口危险半径最大。     

基于GIS的有毒气体储罐泄漏扩散及其过程模拟

为动态模拟有毒气体储罐泄漏扩散事故（toxic gas vessel leakage and dispersion,以下简称为TLD）的扩散过程,基于高斯点源瞬时泄漏模型,添加时间因子,将TLD的泄漏过程转换为一系列瞬时点源泄漏的叠加过程,从而获得任意时刻、任意位置的有毒气体浓度分布方程。以某氯气泄漏事故为例,模拟了有毒气体的扩散过程。结果表明,在初始阶段有毒气体储罐泄漏扩散的影响范围是逐步增大的;泄漏持续到一定时间,扩散过程趋于稳定;若假设泄漏条件不变,则此后的扩散过程类似于连续泄漏,影响范围保持不变。经与ALOHA软件的计算结果对比,两者在泄漏5分钟以后的模拟结果基本一致,本文所述模型模拟计算结果可信。     

环氧树脂在玻璃钢设备及管道修补方面的改进应用

本文对玻璃钢设备存在的质量隐患原因进行了分析,指明运用玻璃钢（FRP）修补与加固相结合的措施,使修补后的玻璃钢与复合衬里的抗渗透性增强,防止强腐蚀性介质对金属的腐蚀作用;对脱硫系统的玻璃钢管道,添加了一些耐磨填料进行耐磨加固,使修补后的管道既能耐酸碱又能耐石灰浆液的冲击,修补后的效果明显。     

浅议起重机械接地电阻的检测

近年来,随着起重机械在电气系统上的长足发展,起重机械电气系统的复杂化给予检验检测人员带来较多困惑,同时起重机械由于漏电而造成的安全事故也时有发生,此类事故又多与接地系统缺失或不完备有关。在起重机械电气系统中,最为基础,同时也是最为重要的部分是起重机械的接地系统,接地系统的安全设置,可以避免因为漏电所连成的操作人员触电事故。本文对起重机械接地系统进行完整分析,并对检验人员现场检验起重机械接地系统给出相关建议。     

基于粒子群算法的燃气管线泄漏疏散能力分析

为研究燃气管线泄漏事故人员疏散能力,统计分析近年国内燃气泄漏典型事故,得出第三方违章作业施工为燃气泄漏事故比例最高的直接原因及燃气泄漏事故伤亡人数发展趋势,在此基础上,引入粒子群PSO算法,以某施工引起的燃气管线泄漏事故为实例,研究领导者的领导能力和应急处置能力对员工之间信息交流及人员应急疏散能力的影响。分析实例显示现场领导者学习因子偏低,指挥能力差,直接影响事故现场的应急疏散自救行为,甚至改变疏散路径。并进一步分析模拟得出,学习因子提高后,现场领导者和员工的信息更新与交换效率大幅提升,应急疏散能力随之提高,进而提出实用性对策措施和建议,为提升燃气管线泄漏事故应急疏散能力提供技术参考。     

埋地原油管道油品泄漏扩散三维数值模拟

为了评估埋地原油管道泄漏的危害范围,以原油管道泄漏事故为研究对象,采用计算流体力学等理论知识,建立了埋地输油管道三维泄漏扩散过程的物理模型和数学模型,确定了泄漏前稳态的初始条件和泄漏后非稳态的边界条件;利用FLUENT软件进行了数值模拟,计算出了不同时刻油品在土壤中的扩散范围。计算结果表明,管道泄漏后原油扩散范围与泄漏时间保持一定变化规律,在无法检测扩散深度的情况下可根据扩散宽度进行粗略估算,大体确定事故泄漏扩散范围,可以为事故处置提供参考,提高事故的应急控制能力。     

Preparation of a permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin and assessment of its ability to remove organic micropollutants from drinking water

A rapid and effective method based on a novel permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin W150 was proposed for the removal of organic micropollutants in drinking water. W150 was prepared by suspension and post-crosslinking reaction and found to possess a high specific surface area of 1149.7 m²·g^-1, a small particle size of 50 μm to 100 μm, and a saturation magnetization as high as 8 emu·g^-1. W150 was used to eliminate nitrofurazone (NFZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from drinking water compared with commercial adsorbents XAD-4 and F400D. The adsorption kinetics of NFZ and OTC onto the three adsorbents well fitted the pseudo-second-order equation (r>0.972), and the adsorption isotherms were all well described by the Freundlich equation (r>0.851). Results showed that the reduction in adsorbent size and the enlargement in sorbent pores both accelerated adsorption. Moreover, the effect of particle size on adsorption was more significant than that of pore width. Given that the smallest particle size and the highest specific surface area were possessed by W150, it had the fastest adsorption kinetics and largest adsorption capacity for NFZ (180 mg·g^-1) and OTC (200 mg·g^-1). For the adsorbents with dominant micropores, the sorption of large-sized adsorbates decreased because of the inaccessible micropores. The solution pH and ionic strength also influenced adsorption.     

冷冻堵漏法在危险化学品泄漏事故中的应用

为了研究液化气体泄漏冷冻堵漏的堵漏机制,运用流体力学、传热学等知识对液化石油气（LPG）储罐（槽罐）泄漏时泄漏口处产生局部低温的现象进行了研究,探讨了LPG液相泄漏和气相泄漏2种不同泄漏形式的低温效应。结果表明:液相泄漏时,泄漏口处温度下降程度与泄漏口面积成正比,且随着罐体内部压力的减小而减弱,推导出喷水冷冻堵漏的成冰时间公式;气相泄漏时,对罐内压力与温度的平衡关系进行模拟并建立了数学模型;发现由于LPG气、液相之间对流换热和汽化吸热效应的差异,导致液相与气相之间的温度差,此温度差是罐体外壁产生结霜分层现象的主要原因。     

Ammonia removal from low-strength municipal wastewater by powdered resin combined with simultaneous recovery as struvite

• Powdered resin was employed for ammonia recovery from municipal wastewater. • Powdered resin achievedefficient ammonia removal under various working conditions. • Co-existing cations indicated competitive adsorption of ammonia. • Ammonia was recoveredby two-stage crystallization coupled with ion exchange. Low-strength municipal wastewater is considered to be a recoverable nutrient resource with economic and environmental benefits. Thus, various technologies for nutrient removal and recovery have been developed. In this paper, powdered ion exchange resin was employed for ammonia removal and recovery from imitated low-strength municipal wastewater. The effects of various working conditions (powdered resin dosage, initial concentration, and pH value) were studied in batch experiments to investigate the feasibility of the approach and to achieve performance optimization. The maximum adsorption capacity determined by the Langmuir model was 44.39 mg/g, which is comparable to traditional ion exchange resin. Further, the effects of co-existing cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺) were studied. Based on the above experiments, recovery of ammonia as struvite was successfully achieved by a proposed two-stage crystallization process coupled with a powdered resin ion exchange process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results revealed that struvite crystals were successfully gained in alkaline conditions (pH= 10). This research demonstrates that a powdered resin and two-stage crystallization process provide an innovative and promising means for highly efficient and easy recovery from low-strength municipal wastewater.     

2种基于模式识别的环状燃气管网泄漏检测方法

为了将模式识别技术应用于环状燃气管网泄漏检测并找到合适的特征提取方法,以天津城建大学实验室环状燃气管网泄漏为例,将实验的28种工况作为测试样本,与之对应的模拟工况作为训练样本,采用提取压力图像特征向量法和节点压力矩阵法分别进行环状燃气管网的泄漏检测,采用支持向量机分类器将2种方法获得的特征向量进行训练与分类检验,进而将其分类准确率进行对比分析。研究结果表明:该2种方法均可用于环状燃气管网泄漏检测,提取压力图像特征向量法因有效地降低了特征向量的维度和数据波动的干扰,其结果更优。结合SCADA和GIS系统,可将该法应用于实际水、气、油管网泄漏检测和定位,有助于降低成本,提高检测效果。