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按照《大理州地表水水环境功能区划技术方案》对大理市地表水水环境功能进行了区划,划分了不同类型的水功能区,用来指导、约束水资源开发利用和保护的实践活动,可作为水资源管理的依据。 相似文献
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135.
湛江港表层沉积物重金属的分布及其潜在生态风险评价 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
测定了湛江港12个表层沉积物样品中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg的含量,并与有机质含量进行双变量相关分析,同时应用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法评价了沉积物重金属综合污染效应。结果表明:湛江港海域沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg的含量范围分别为(9.5~27.2)×10-6、(24.4~68.1)×10-6、(15.7~115.2)×10-6、(未检出~0.202)×10-6和(0.026~0.167)×10-6,平均含量分别为17.6×10-6、36.9×10-6、67.0×10-6、0.065×10-6和0.091×10-6。除Pb与Hg之间,各种重金属元素之间均存在显著或极显著的相关关系。除Pb和Cd之外,各种重金属与有机质之间相关系数较高。Hakan-son潜在生态风险评价结果显示,湛江港表层沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险均较小,属轻微生态危害。5种重金属的潜在生态风险大小依次为:Hg>Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn。 相似文献
136.
微生物对土壤与沉积物吸附多环芳烃的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以枯草芽孢杆菌为接种微生物,研究微生物对沉积物和湿地土壤吸附多环芳烃(PAHs)菲、苯并[a]芘过程的影响.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌对菲与苯并[a]芘都可进行吸附或生物降解,48h液相PAHs浓度达到平衡时,微生物对菲消除了98%,对苯并[a]芘消除85%;接种的样品48h吸附等温线均呈线形,能较好地符合线性方程;在接种微生物情况下,沉积物与土壤对菲和苯并[a]芘吸附特征均发生较大变化,对菲的吸附量增大约35倍,而对苯并[a]芘的吸附量却降低了2/3左右;未接种微生物的土壤和沉积物对菲解吸率为20%,接种的样品组为2.9%,而对苯并[a]芘的解吸结果与菲相反,未接种的对照组为4%,接种的样品组为13%.微生物在土壤与沉积物吸附PAHs的过程中起主导作用. 相似文献
137.
Overwhelming evidence reveals that concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have increased in streams which brings negative environmental impacts. DOC in stream flow is mainly originated from soil-water solutions of watershed. Wetlands prove to be the most sensitive areas as an important DOC reserve between terrestrial and fluvial biogeosystems. This reported study was focused on the distribution characteristics and the controlling factors of DOC in soil-water solutions of annular wetland, i.e., a dishing wetland and a forest wetland together, in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results indicate that DOC concentrations in soilwater solutions decreased and then increased with increasing soil depth in the annular wetland. In the upper soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, DOC concentrations in soil-water solutions linearly increased from edge to center of the annular wetland (R^2 = 0.3122 and R^2 = 0.443). The distribution variations were intimately linked to DOC production and utilization and DOC transport processes in annular wetland soil-water solutions. The concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total carbon (TC) and Fe(II), DOC mobility and continuous vertical and lateral flow affectext the distribution variations of DOC in soil-water solutions. The correlation coefficients between DOC concentrations and TOC, TC and Fe(II) were 0.974, 0.813 and 0.753 respectively. These distribution characteristics suggested a systematic response of the distribution variations of DOC in annular wetland soil-water solutions to the geometry of closed depressions on a scale of small catchments. However, the DOC in soil pore water of the annular wetland may be the potential source of DOC to stream flow on watershed scale. These observations also implied the fragmentation of wetland landscape could bring the spatial-temporal variations of DOC distribution and exports, which would bring negative environmental impacts in watersheds of the Sanjiang Plain. 相似文献
138.
Huangpu River is about 114.5 km from upriver Dianfeng to downriver Wusong,near the estuary of the Yangtze River.It plays a key role in supplying water for production,life,shipment and irrigation.With the industrial development,the pollution of the Huangpu River has become serious recently.The biological oxygen demand (BOD),total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),oil,phenol and suspended solids (SS) were lower in the upstream sites than in the downstream sites,indicating pollutants being input along its course. Water quality was the worst in the Yangpu site,near the center of Shanghai City.Dissolved oxygen (DO) content was less than 2 mg/L in the site of Yangpu in July.Among relations between thirteen characteristics,relations between BOD,DO,TN,TP,NH_4~ -N, NO_3~--N and the count of total bacteria or Escherichia coli were significant and interdependent.Inner relationships between these main characteristics in the Huangpu River were studied.High nutrient concentration led to growth of microorganisms,including E.coli. Degradation of organic matters and respiration of bacteria made oxygen concentration decreased in the water body,and DO was a key factor for nitrification-denitrification process of nitrogen.In the Yangpu site,DO was decreased to less than 3.0 mg/L with BOD higher than 7.5 mg/L in May and July.Low DO concentration will decrease nitrification rate.Nitrification need at higher DO value than other organic substrate oxidation.Consequently,river water contains low NO_3~--N values with high amounts of TN and NH_4~ -N there.This will block the self-purification of surface water,by decreasing the rate of nitrification-denitrification transformation process in the water body. 相似文献
139.
结合石化企业装置生产特点,分析装置级突发事故应急预案编制中存在的不足和问题,并对应急预案编制的思路和处置对策进行了深入地探讨. 相似文献
140.
海河沉积物对菲的吸附解吸行为研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用北运河坝河断面、海河干流邓善沽断面及葛沽镇断面表层沉积物及南开花园土为吸附剂,以菲为吸附质进行一系列吸附动力学和吸附-解吸平衡实验研究。结果表明,菲在各颗粒物上的吸附动力学过程,在0-4h内基本可达吸附平衡,刚开始吸附速率很快,然后迅速降低,并逐渐稳定;菲在各颗粒物上的等温平衡吸附可用线性等温线方程及Freundlich方程较好的拟合;不同来源颗粒物对菲的吸附能力随颗粒物中有机质含量增加而增强;葛沽镇颗粒物经高温灼烧处理后,其吸附能力明显降低;各天然颗粒物及不同温度灼烧处理的颗粒物对菲的解吸行为存在不同程度的滞后,灼烧颗粒物的滞后性远远大于原颗粒物,颗粒物中的有机质组分及性质对菲的解吸滞后有重要影响 相似文献