科特迪瓦毒垃圾事件对中国危险废物进口管理的启示

科特迪瓦当地的承包商将数百吨来自荷兰的毒垃圾非法倾倒在阿比让的居民区附近,造成7人死亡,3.6万人出现不良症状,其政府也因此集体辞职.随着发达国家危险废物处置费用越来越高,其危险废物非法越境转移至发展中国家将越来越多.巴塞尔公约是控制危险废物非法越境转移的最重要的全球性环境条约.对科特迪瓦毒垃圾事件涉及的国际环境法问题进行分析,并讨论其对中国加强危险废物进口环境管理的启示.     

Reasons for non-participation in a kerbside recycling scheme

In this article potential barriers to recycling are explored within a UK community of approximately 8000 households that are piloting a kerbside paper recycling scheme. All 1690 non-users of the scheme were surveyed for their decisions not to participate. A 43% response rate was generated from the survey and the reasons given by householders were coded into 12 categories. The main reasons for non-participation included insufficient paper and lack of space in which to locate the recycling bin. 62% of the non-participants reported that they were recycling paper using other facilities such as local bring schemes and charity collections. Strategies to increase participation in the kerbside scheme are suggested.     

填埋场内水分运移过程双场耦合模型的探讨

基于多孔介质渗流力学和热力学理论，从填埋场内非等温的角度，理论上分析了场内垃圾含水率的分布与温度变化之间相互作用的机理，建立了垃圾填埋场内水分运移过程的双场耦合模型（三维），并提出模型的求解方法。为研究填埋场内水分的时空分布规律提供理论依据。     

深埋岛式地铁车站站台火灾时烟气蔓延数值分析

随着我国地铁的发展,未来部分地铁的发展空间属于埋深较大,经过老城区时须穿越大片房屋桩基,地质条件复杂,施工难度大,工程实施上线路和车站均需要较大的埋深。因此,深入开展深埋地铁站点火灾安全研究有助于地铁安全管理工作。笔者针对地铁深埋岛式站台火灾,利用数值模拟方法,研究深埋岛式站点内烟气横向流动和不同站层间的烟气纵向蔓延规律。分析烟气在隧道、站台及站厅内蔓延时烟气温度、有毒气体浓度、可见度等特征参数的分布情况;同时探讨了火灾时深埋岛式站点内有效的气流组织形式,隧道排烟系统的运行模式。所获的研究结论有助于同类型的地铁车站的设计和运营管理。     

深圳地铁施工影响区环境安全与第三方监测

在讨论如何确保地铁施工影响区环境安全的基础上 ,给出了深圳地铁土建施工第三方监测的概念 ,详细阐述了第三方监测的目的、作用、管理体系、实施内容和工作程序 ,论述了第三方监测与业主、承包商、监理之间的关系。深圳地铁建设的实践表明 ,第三方监测是业主确保地铁施工影响区环境安全的有效管理模式 ,在地铁建设中极有推广价值。     

黄土高原地区生态建设的关键问题

从黄土高原地区水土保持生态建设的实际情况出发,结合历史经验教训,探讨了生态建设与农业发展、农民脱贫致富的关系.指出生态环境问题归根结底是人的问题,减少人类对生态环境的破坏和干扰,因地制宜地进行植被建设和生态恢复,激励广大农民自觉参与生态建设对黄土高原地区水土保持生态建设成败至关重要.     

对火电厂烟气脱硫设计总平面布置的探讨

火电厂烟气脱硫工程往往是在场地或其他条件受到诸多限制的情况下进行的，设计中总平面布置的作用显得尤其突出。以几个电厂脱硫工程的设计为例，探讨如何充分利用已有务件，协调脱硫与整个厂区总平面布置的关系，以使设计合理，经济。     

作物秸秆资源的利用及其影响因素--以山西省夏县为例

作物秸秆资源的利用对提高食物安全,减轻环境污染,促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义.通过对农户的调查,分析了山西省夏县的秸秆利用途径,对该县秸秆利用现状进行了评价,并分析了造成这种现状的原因.结果表明,夏县作为典型的"小麦-玉米"二熟农作区,秸秆利用效率较高,其中小麦秸秆主要用于工业原料、饲料和还田,玉米秸秆则主要用于饲料和弃置堆放.这种利用方式与造纸业发展、传统的牲畜饲喂方式、农业机械化发展和气候特点有关.最后提出了进一步高效利用秸秆资源的建议.     

The Water Fluxes of the Yellow River to the Sea in the Past 50 Years, in Response to Climate Change and Human Activities

Since the 1970s, the water fluxes to the sea of the Yellow River have declined significantly. Based on data of precipitation, air temperature, the measured and “natural” river flow, the water diversion and consumption, and the areas of erosion and sediment control measures over the drainage basin, water fluxes to the sea of the Yellow River are studied in relation with the influences of changing climate and human activities. The Yellow River basin can be divided into different water source areas; multiple regression indicates that the variation in precipitation over different water source areas has different effect on water fluxes to the sea. In the period between 1970 and 1997, averaged air temperature over the whole Yellow River increased by about 1.0°C, from 16.5°C to 17.5°C, a factor that is negatively correlated with the water yield of the Yellow River. Water diversion and consumption has sharply increased and resulted in a significant decline in the water fluxes to the sea. Since the 1960s, erosion and sediment control measures have been practiced over the drainage basin. This factor, to a lesser degree, is also responsible for the decrease in water fluxes to the sea. A multiple regression equation has been established to estimate the change in water fluxes to the sea caused by the changes in precipitation, air temperature, water diversion and consumption, erosion, and sediment control measures, indicating that the contribution of water diversion and consumption to the variation in annual water flux to the sea is 41.3%, that of precipitation is 40.8%, that of temperature is 11.4%, and that of erosion and sediment control measures is 6.5%.     

The Value of Using Feasibility Models in Systematic Conservation Planning to Predict Landholder Management Uptake

Understanding the social dimensions of conservation opportunity is crucial for conservation planning in multiple‐use landscapes. However, factors that influence the feasibility of implementing conservation actions, such as the history of landscape management, and landholders’ willingness to engage are often difficult or time consuming to quantify and rarely incorporated into planning. We examined how conservation agencies could reduce costs of acquiring such data by developing predictive models of management feasibility parameterized with social and biophysical factors likely to influence landholders’ decisions to engage in management. To test the utility of our best‐supported model, we developed 4 alternative investment scenarios based on different input data for conservation planning: social data only; biological data only; potential conservation opportunity derived from modeled feasibility that incurs no social data collection costs; and existing conservation opportunity derived from feasibility data that incurred collection costs. Using spatially explicit information on biodiversity values, feasibility, and management costs, we prioritized locations in southwest Australia to control an invasive predator that is detrimental to both agriculture and natural ecosystems: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). When social data collection costs were moderate to high, the most cost‐effective investment scenario resulted from a predictive model of feasibility. Combining empirical feasibility data with biological data was more cost‐effective for prioritizing management when social data collection costs were low (<4% of the total budget). Calls for more data to inform conservation planning should take into account the costs and benefits of collecting and using social data to ensure that limited funding for conservation is spent in the most cost‐efficient and effective manner.