微电解耦合固相反硝化脱氮除磷效果及微生物分析

为提高低碳氮比污水中氮、磷的去除率,通过铁碳微电解耦合固相反硝化系统强化生物脱氮除磷的效果,分别考察了HRT、DO、pH对耦合系统中氮、磷去除效果的影响,并对铁碳颗粒(FC)、固体碳源颗粒(CC)和悬浮污泥(SS)的微生物群落结构进行了分析。结果表明：当进水C/N=1.5时,耦合系统的最佳运行参数为HRT=4 h、DO=2.0 mg·L−1、pH=7.0;此时${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + }$-N、${{\rm{NO}}_3^ - }$-N、TN、TP的去除率分别为95.63%、93.48%、94.72%、99.10%。高通量测序分析结果表明：在门水平上,3个样本(FC、CC、SS)中的优势菌门为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes,其中具有反硝化脱氮功能的Proteobacteria在FC、CC、SS中分别占样本总数的72.66%、67.43%、68.66%;在纲水平上,SS中Alphaproteobacteria的相对丰度显著高于FC和CC,FC中的Gammaproteobacteria的相对丰度显著高于CC和SS,CC中的Gemmatimonadetes相对丰度明显高于FC和SS,生物除磷主要发生在CC中;在属水平上,Gemmobacter在FC、CC、SS中的相对丰度分别为25.50%、23.64%、32.53%,对异养反硝化过程起到重要作用。以上结果有助于提高对微电解-自养/异养反硝化除磷耦合系统中微生物生态学的理解。     

Pathways of adaptation of common dandelion cenopopulations to long-term chemical and radiation influences

A comparative study of the seed progeny of dandelions was performed with samples from cenopopulations growing for a long time under conditions of radioactive contamination (the zone of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace, EURT) or chemical pollution (the impact zone of the Nizhnii Tagil Metallurgical Plant, NTMP). The viability of seeds proved to decrease in a similar way along with an increase in technogenic pressure, irrespective of its nature. Experiments on acute exposure to heavy metals and γ-irradiation made it possible to reveal the adaptive capacities of the seed progeny from each cenopopulation. The background sample (formed beyond the zone of any impact) was relatively resistant to irradiation and very sensitive to heavy metals. The cenopopulations from the EURT and NTMP zones manifested nonspecific responses to the effects of both habitual and new factors.     

Cd^2＋对玉米种子活力的影响及Ca^2＋的拮抗作用

用不同浓度（c）的Cd2＋和Cd2＋＋Ca2＋处理玉米种子，以研究Cd2＋对玉米种子活力的毒害及Ca2＋对Cd2＋的拮抗作用，结果表明：在0～0．5mmol／L的c（Cd2＋）范围内，种子的发芽率、幼苗生长量随c（Cd2＋）的增大而降低，Cd2＋能降低玉米幼苗中超氧物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，并能增加膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量．用Cd2＋＋Ca2＋处理玉米种子时，Ca2＋能减少以至消除Ca2＋对种子活力和幼苗生长的毒害作用，其中c（Cd2＋）为10mmol／L的拮抗作用明显大于5mmol／L．     

隆回县高海拔山区高效生态经济型退耕还林造林模式研究

通过对六种植物配置方式及三种开发模式的对比试验分析，试验出了一种融水土保持效益与经济效益于一体的高效生态经济型造林模式，并探讨了灰毡毛忍冬产量与海拔高度的关系．结果表明：在自然条件恶劣的小沙江高海拔山区，采用金银花(品种为灰毡毛忍冬) 三木药材或其它草本药材，运用景观生态学原理进行设计开发，可获得很好的经济效益与社会效益，并能保持山区的可持续发展．同时还试验出了主栽树种灰毡毛忍冬在海拔1000～1400m之间时经济效益最好．     

耕地土壤碳固存的措施与潜力

土壤CO2排放与土壤退化、土壤有机质(SOC)含量减少和土壤质量下降密切相关。耕地具有较大的碳固存潜力。通过采用最佳管理措施(BMPs)和进行土壤修复来提高土壤质量，能增加SOC含量和提高土壤生产力，并能部分起到减缓温室效应的作用。文章从土壤固碳的机制入手，系统总结了在耕作土壤碳固存方面的研究。从土壤侵蚀控制、退化土壤修复、保护性耕作、残落物管理，改善农作物制度等方面，论述了耕地的固碳潜力，并提出了一系列实现碳固存的措施。最后估算出耕地土壤总的固碳潜力为0．73～0．87Pg/a。研究表明,在替代性能源开发之前，耕地碳固存是一项切实可行的措施。     

基于典型案例的电梯轿厢意外移动保护装置的设置及检验探讨

检规TSG T7001-2009第2号修改单新增了对轿厢意外移动保护装置的检验要求,其中对检测子系统的检验理解存在着一定的争议.本文从轿厢意外移动保护装置的设置和组成出发,结合相关检验案例和标准要求探讨了对轿厢意外移动保护装置检验要求的理解,最后对轿厢意外移动保护装置的检验方法进行了分析,并提出了检验方面的建议.     

外界热辐射作用下木材热解和着火的预测模型

在突发的火灾过程中，可燃性固体材料的着火时间和热解特性是非常关键的参数。建立了预测木材在外界热辐射作用下热解和着火时间的数值模型，可以给出固体的质量损失速率、内部温度场随时间的变化，并根据模型计算得到的表面温度随时间的变化对着火时间进行预测。计算结果和实验测量值相符较好。     

Active learning climate and employee errors: The moderating effects of personality traits

This study developed and tested a cross‐level model of the relationship between two components of active learning climate—enactive exploration and guided learning—and employee errors, and the moderating roles of the individual's traits of openness to experience and conscientiousness. The study examined the medical errors made by 142 resident physicians in 22 hospital departments. Results demonstrated significant interactions between climate and traits: when an individual had a low level of the trait of openness to experience, there was a curvilinear relationship between enactive exploration climate and number of errors. With a high level of openness to experience, the enactive exploration climate was positively associated with the number of errors up to a certain point. In addition, when an individual had a low level of conscientiousness, there was a negative association between guided learning climate and number of errors; with a high level of conscientiousness, there was a positive association between guided learning climate and number of errors. Thus, individual performance was better when the climate complemented the individual's lack of a trait. When the level of the individual's trait was high, the climate intensified the already pronounced trait up to an extent that impaired the individual's performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical study on dust movement and dust distribution for hybrid ventilation system in a laneway of coal mine

Coal dust disaster is the most serious problem in a laneway of coal mine. Dust movement regularity for comprehensive mechanized heading face is the key scientific issues for the principle and technology of dust prevention. The special topic on systematic study of the variation regularity of dust movement and dust distribution is presented with hybrid ventilation for the comprehensive mechanized heading face: Euler–Euler method was firstly established on the numerical platform for gas–solid two phase flow in a laneway. And the forces and the dynamic model of dust particles were performed in three-dimensional flow field. Then based on the visible simulations, the movement characteristics of diffusion, sedimentation and accumulation of dust particles were investigated under the action of the complex air flow, and the spatiotemporal variation of dust distribution was studied with hybrid ventilation system. Meanwhile, the obtained dust distribution regularities were compared with the obtainable experimental results. Finally, selected method on different ventilation patterns for dust control was brought out for the heading face according to the gained regularity. The research results is helpful for further understanding of the essence of dust movement with air flow, which could provide more suitable guidance for the principle of dust control and technology of ventilation.     

露天转地下开采对上覆构筑物安全影响分析

为在最大限度科学回收地下资源的前提下,保证地表构筑物安全,以国内某大型矿山为工程背景,采用空区监测系统(CMS)结合DIMINE/FLAC3D建模技术,构建露天转地下开采对地表构筑物影响分析三维可视化计算模型。通过数值计算与现场调查相结合的方法,对比分析露天转地下开采影响范围内的地表构筑物水平位移、倾斜、曲率、沉降。结果表明:数值计算获得的应力场和位移场结果,与矿山实测结果基本吻合。该矿山开采1 650 m阶段后监测点最大倾斜指标为9 mm/m,接近允许值上限,因此,其最大合理开采深度为1 650 m阶段。