混凝土结构火灾爆裂危险性评估研究

通过对国内外相关研究成果的整理和分析,依据混凝土火灾爆裂危险性的影响因素,建立了混凝土结构火灾爆裂危险性分级评价体系。根据爆裂危险度值的大小将混凝土结构的爆裂危险性分为5级。爆裂危险性预测与实测结果的一致性显示了所提混凝土火灾爆裂危险性分级评价体系的有效性,可为混凝土构件和结构减灾防火设计提供参考。     

复合内嵌筋材加固混凝土梁破坏模式分析

对螺旋肋钢筋施加预应力,将其与碳纤维筋组合后,以不同的方式嵌入到混凝土梁受拉区混凝土保护层中,对混凝土梁进行加固,能显著提高混凝土梁的承载能力。在对承载能力试验结果做简单阐述的前提下,针对加固梁中多材料、多界面存在的客观现实,全面系统地分析了加固梁可能存在的破坏模式,且与试验梁的破坏模式进行对比,对不同加固方式加固的试验梁的破坏模式及破坏机理进行了分析。分析表明,多界面的存在严重影响了加固梁的承载力;不同的破坏界面,应对加固材料断面总内力采取不同的取值,在试验中应特别注意破坏界面的判别,否则计算结果会产生很大误差。     

混凝土结构高温爆裂风险的模糊综合评价

混凝土在火灾等高温条件下的爆裂,会给整个建筑结构的安全带来严重危害。目前,混凝土结构的高温爆裂风险分析与评价已经成为混凝土结构抗火性能研究的热点,而模糊数学理论是分析此类问题的最有效方法之一。混凝土爆裂现象比较复杂,必须综合考虑材料和外部环境2个方面的因素。选择混凝土强度、水灰比、纤维量、养护湿度、荷载水平和升温速率组成影响因素集,并按各因素的重要性赋以不同的权重,应用模糊数学理论建立混凝土结构高温爆裂风险模糊综合评价模型。先随机选取10个混凝土试样组成待评价爆裂风险的混凝土样本集;然后形成该样本集的指标特征值矩阵,并转换为相应的相对隶属度矩阵;结合权重,可得10个混凝土试样相对5个爆裂风险级别的相对隶属度矩阵;最后,计算出待评价的10个混凝土试样的爆裂级别特征值。爆裂风险预测与试验的结果一致,表明所建立的模型能有效地评价混凝土高温爆裂风险。     

Real-World Rib Fracture Patterns in Frontal Crashes in Different Restraint Conditions

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use the detailed medical injury information in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) to evaluate patterns of rib fractures in real-world crash occupants in both belted and unbelted restraint conditions. Fracture patterns binned into rib regional levels were examined to determine normative trends associated with belt use and other possible contributing factors.

Methods: Front row adult occupants with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ rib fractures, in frontal crashes with a deployed frontal airbag, were selected from the CIREN database. The circumferential location of each rib fracture (with respect to the sternum) was documented using a previously published method (Ritchie et al. 2006) and digital computed tomography scans. Fracture patterns for different crash and occupant parameters (restraint use, involved physical component, occupant kinematics, crash principal direction of force, and occupant age) were compared qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results: There were 158 belted and 44 unbelted occupants included in this study. For belted occupants, fractures were mainly located near the path of the shoulder belt, with the majority of fractures occurring on the inboard (with respect to the vehicle) side of the thorax. For unbelted occupants, fractures were approximately symmetric and distributed across both sides of the thorax. There were negligible differences in fracture patterns between occupants with frontal (0°) and near side (330° to 350° for drivers; 10° to 30° for passengers) crash principal directions of force but substantial differences between groups when occupant kinematics (and contacts within the vehicle) were considered. Age also affected fracture pattern, with fractures tending to occur more anteriorly in older occupants and more laterally in younger occupants (both belted and unbelted).

Conclusions: Results of this study confirmed with real-world data that rib fracture patterns in unbelted occupants were more distributed and symmetric across the thorax compared to belted occupants in crashes with a deployed frontal airbag. Other factors, such as occupant kinematics and occupant age, also produced differing patterns of fractures. Normative data on rib fracture patterns in real-world occupants can contribute to understanding injury mechanisms and the role of different causation factors, which can ultimately help prevent fractures and improve vehicle safety.     

大采高仰斜工作面玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆煤壁加固技术及应用

针对段王矿090502综采工作面存在近200m仰采段,为提高煤壁稳定性,避免或减少煤壁片帮发生,提出玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆煤壁加固方案,通过数值模拟方法对煤壁加固参数进行了优化研究,并进行了现场应用.研究结果表明:采用φ20mm×3.0m全螺纹玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆、间排距为1.5m×1m进行煤壁加固,不仅可保持煤壁稳定,而且施工方便,保证了工作面的正常回采.     

高温下高强混凝土的爆裂规律与柱截面温度场计算

通过对国内外相关研究结果的整理和分析 ,总结了高温下高强混凝土的爆裂规律。编制了柱截面温度场的计算程序 ,并考虑了高温爆裂对温度场的影响 ,对高强混凝土柱的截面温度场进行了计算分析 ,给出了截面中轴线上由于爆裂所引起的温度变化的回归公式。     

低碳经济下煤气化产业发展的新动力

煤炭在我国能源结构中占有着举足轻重的地位,我国的低碳经济发展模式必须在高碳经济结构下去探寻。只有从我国实际出发,立足于煤炭,大力发展新型煤气化技术,进一步拓宽其应用范围,通过政府的积极引导和支持创新国有新型煤气化技术,走出一条适合我国国情的低碳经济发展与环保之路。     

材料参数对砂浆受火爆裂的影响及预测

使用燃油炉对胶砂试件爆裂展开一系列试验。发现材料参数对于爆裂有很大影响。在含水率较低时，低水灰比试件较高水灰比试件容易爆裂；含水率高时，水灰比高低影响不大。硅灰含量高的试件更易爆裂，爆裂程度更大。而PP纤维对于爆裂有明显的改善作用。最后根据部分试件的试验结果．本文给出了爆裂面积率的预测公式。