Individual-Oriented and Neighborhood Protecting Health Actions: The Critical Role of Environmental Education Seeking Behavior

A relationship between individual health-oriented actions and neighborhood civic activities is proposed, as is a relationship between these behaviors and a personality that seeks information from multiple sources. The proposed relationship was tested with a sample of 367 residents of New Jersey, USA. Respondents who had their eyes examined and screening tests for chronic diseases, and engaged in other individually oriented health-protecting behaviors were also more likely to have engaged in neighborhood civic activities, such as calling on elected officials and participating in neighborhood functions. As expected, specific personality attributes were associated with both sets of health-protecting activities, including outreach to multiple sources for information and help, a strong sense of efficacy, and trust of authority and neighbors. The relationship between personality and health-protecting behaviors was confounded by age and formal education. However, the relationship with personality measures persisted after controlling for age and education. The shortcomings of the research are reviewed, and implications of these observations for building a broader theory that links environmental education to civic engagement and individual health-protecting behaviors are discussed.     

Fractionating dead reckoning: role of the compass,odometer, logbook,and home base establishment in spatial orientation

Rats use multiple sources of information to maintain spatial orientation. Although previous work has focused on rats’ use of environmental cues, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that rats also use self-movement cues to organize navigation. This review examines the extent that kinematic analysis of naturally occurring behavior has provided insight into processes that mediate dead-reckoning-based navigation. This work supports a role for separate systems in processing self-movement cues that converge on the hippocampus. The compass system is involved in deriving directional information from self-movement cues; whereas, the odometer system is involved in deriving distance information from self-movement cues. The hippocampus functions similar to a logbook in that outward path unique information from the compass and odometer is used to derive the direction and distance of a path to the point at which movement was initiated. Finally, home base establishment may function to reset this system after each excursion and anchor environmental cues to self-movement cues. The combination of natural behaviors and kinematic analysis has proven to be a robust paradigm to investigate the neural basis of spatial orientation.     

Perceived stress,mental health,organizational factors,and self-reported risky driving behaviors among truck drivers circulating in France

Introduction: The growth of the European market for road-freight transport has recently led to important changes. The growing number of foreign pavilion drivers transiting in France, which plays a bridging role among European countries, has influenced the lives of truck drivers by increasing competition, pressure on day-to-day activities, and constraints related to delivery deadlines. Adding this new pressure to those inherent in the road-freight transport sector has raised concerns, especially ones linked to levels of perceived stress by truck drivers. Method: With safety concerns in mind, we devised a questionnaire aimed at understanding how French truck drivers and non-French truck drivers, passing through four highway rest areas in France perceive stress, organizational factors, mental health, and risky driving behaviors. A sample of 515 truck drivers took part in the survey (260 French nationals), 97.9% of whom were male. Results: The results of a structural equation model indicated that perceived stress can increase self-reported risky driving behaviors among truck drivers. Furthermore, organizational factors and mental health were closely linked to perceived stress. Finally, some differences were found between French and non-French truck drivers with respect to mind-wandering and mental health, and to perceive driving difficulties to overcome and driving skills. Practical Applications: Several recommendations based on the findings are provided to policymakers and organizations.     

基于UHBs的输气管道高后果区泄漏燃爆事故分析

为探究输气管道高后果区中人的不安全行为（Unsafe Human Behaviors,UHBs）对输气管道泄漏燃爆事故发生的影响,结合模糊Bow-tie模型和贝叶斯网络对输气管道泄漏燃爆事故进行分析。构建基于T-S模糊故障树的输气管道泄漏燃爆模糊Bow-tie模型,并转化为贝叶斯网络;从人的不安全行为发生的可能性出发,将不同等级高后果区划分为不同等级人口敏感区;利用专家经验评判法得到不同等级人口敏感区基本事件的先验概率和中间事件的条件概率表;运用贝叶斯网络双向推理算法求解模糊Bow-tie模型。结果表明:随着地区人口敏感等级的提高,输气管道泄漏燃爆事故发生的概率随之增大,发现导致输气管道失效泄漏事故发生的最主要原因为施工破坏,失效原因与EGIG分析的结果基本相符,验证该方法在高后果区输气管道泄漏燃爆事故分析上的可行性,可为输气管道高后果区的安全管理提供决策依据。     

建筑工人不安全行为发生机理研究

为梳理建筑工人不安全行为发生机理,对相关文献资料进行分析,基于建筑工人个体视角确定相关影响因素并构建不安全行为发生机理理论模型。结合现场访谈对模型进行修正后,采用结构方程模型处理问卷数据并对假设进行验证,最终确定建筑工人不安全行为发生机理。结果显示:安全认知与安全能力对建筑工人不安全行为影响关系显著,安全意识对建筑工人不安全行为影响关系不显著,且安全能力的影响程度要高于安全认知。     

班组长领导方式对矿工安全行为的影响 效用研究—基于调整焦点理论*

围绕班组长领导方式和矿工安全行为的内涵,通过文献分析与因子分析,剖析出班组长领导主要包含领导魅力、鼓励性激励、智力激发、个性化关怀、权变性奖励、积极例外管理和消极例外管理七种方式,矿工安全行为主要包含安全遵守与参与一种方式。以班组长七种领导方式为外在潜变量,矿工安全行为一种方式为内在潜变量,基于调整焦点理论下构建班组长领导方式对矿工安全行为的影响效用模型。运用SPASS17.0和AMOS7.0软件,探析班组长各领导方式对矿工安全行为的作用路径及其影响,从而为煤矿安全管理提出新思路。     

基于互相关算法的人员密集场所人群运动速度特征研究

研究人群密集场所的人群运动速度特征可以预测人群的运动趋势,在大型活动组织过程中可以对异常人群运动做出预警,避免过度的拥挤及踩踏事件的发生,保证大型群体性活动的安全顺利开展。利用国内某重要城市核心区公共场所人群运动的视频图像,通过互相关算法提取该场所人群的运动速度,并进一步比较通往景区的四条不同路径上人群运动速度的差异性,分析其人群运动特征。分析结果表明单向通道的人群运动速度较大且运动方向基本与通道的两侧边界平行,而双向通道中由于人群中阻尼效应的影响,人群运动速度的大小和方向都发生了不同程度的改变。分析结果可为核心区管理者进行大型群体性活动的组织、人群疏散与引导提供建议,进而为人群拥挤踩踏事故风险防控、拥挤踩踏事故专项应急预案制定及人群聚集活动安全方案编制提供理论支持。     

煤燃烧脱硫过程中影响无机矿物转化行为的因素

以合山煤(HS)和万盛煤(WS)为研究对象,分别讨论了当石灰石作固硫剂时钙硫比、温度等因素对固硫效率的影响;运用XRD测试手段,研究了不同脱硫条件对其灰渣产物矿相组成的影响规律,并利用CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂三元相图进行分析,从而初步揭示出煤燃烧脱硫过程中无机矿物质间的转化行为.实验表明:燃烧温度和钙硫比对固硫率及灰渣产物的矿相组成都具有很重要的影响.升高温度或提高Ca/S,能明显促进CaO与煤粉中无机成分间的固相反应,利于C₄AF、C₂AS、β-C₂S等矿物的形成,但大于1050℃后易使硬石膏发生分解,而引起固硫率下降.固硫产物中含硫矿物的形式与含量决定了不同温度下固硫效率.本实验中,石灰石对合山煤的最佳固硫条件为Ca/S＝2～3,t=850～900℃,此时固硫率高达90%左右.     

内循环生物流化床反应器流体力学特性的数值模拟

首先采用气、液两相模型对7组结构参数的反应器进行模拟计算,然后根据计算结果选择了一组较优的结构参数进行气、液、固3相的数值模拟计算.结果表明,通过数值模拟方法对内循环生物流化床反应器流体力学特性进行计算可获得优化的反应器结构参数;明确了循环挡板的长度及位置对反应器内液相流场分布的影响较为显著的事实;同时指出固相颗粒的加入对反应器内液相流速的分布几乎没有影响,固相含率较高的区域在反应器升流区.     

影响铁路职工不安全行为的因素研究

职工不安全行为是导致铁路事故的重要因素之一,为了预防和控制铁路职工的不安全行为,减少人为事故的发生,从个体、环境、设备和管理4个维度对影响职工不安全行为的因素进行分析并建立铁路职工不安全行为的影响因素指标体系,应用网络层次分析法对各因素的影响程度进行量化分析.结果表明:作业制度、激励机制、安全意识、安全教育、安全文化、...