Rapid control of black and odorous substances from heavily-polluted sediment by oxidation: Efficiency and effects

Oxidants were proposed to rapidly control black and odorous substances in sediments. NaClO and KMnO₄ had excellent efficiency to remove black and odorous substances. NaClO dramatically accelerated the release of organics, NH₄⁺-N, P, and heavy-metals. Moderate oxidation had a limited effect on microbial communities. NaClO of 0.2 mmol/g was viewed to be the optimum option. The control of black and odorous substances in sediments is of crucial importance to improve the urban ecological landscape and to restore water environments accordingly. In this study, chemical oxidation by the oxidants NaClO, H₂O₂, and KMnO₄ was proposed to achieve rapid control of black and odorous substances in heavily-polluted sediments. Results indicate that NaClO and KMnO₄ are effective at removing Fe(II) and acid volatile sulfides. The removal efficiencies of Fe(II) and AVS were determined to be 45.2%, 94.1%, and 93.7%, 89.5% after 24-h exposure to NaClO and KMnO₄ at 0.2 mmol/g, respectively. Additionally, rapid oxidation might accelerate the release of pollutants from sediment. The release of organic matters and phosphorus with the maximum ratios of 22.1% and 51.2% was observed upon NaClO oxidation at 0.4 mmol/g. Moreover, the introduction of oxidants contributed to changes in the microbial community composition in sediment. After oxidation by NaClO and KMnO₄ at 0.4 mmol/g, the Shannon index decreased from 6.72 to 5.19 and 4.95, whereas the OTU numbers decreased from 2904 to 1677 and 1553, respectively. Comparatively, H₂O₂ showed a lower effect on the removal of black and odorous substances, pollutant release, and changes in sediment microorganisms. This study illustrates the effects of oxidant addition on the characteristics of heavily polluted sediments and shows that chemical oxidants may be an option to achieve rapid control of black and odorous substances prior to remediation of water environments.     

Forest Health,Collective Behaviors,and Management

This study compares community-based managed forests under different purposes of management, namely, state-driven conservation or community-designed utilization in two villages located in the Sopsai watershed, Nan Province, northern Thailand. The forest health under different intensity of uses is assessed in association with the collective behaviors and long-term purposes embedded in village social–cultural context. The study found no significant differences in forest succession and proportion in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh) class and height-class distribution of the forest under different use intensity. The forest for utilization also showed higher density and basal area of the local preferred species than the conservation forest. In the utilization forest, we also found a higher number of multipurpose and preferred species than in the conservation forest, which actually responded to the needs of the community in the long term to have more wood products (both firewood and timbers). The community-based forest management (CBFM) for utilization can also lead to natural regeneration and biodiversity similar to conservation forests. Through CBFM, forest resources can be managed to maintain the healthy condition under different intensities and respond to both community needs and external expectation. The findings also emphasize the importance of recognizing community needs and management objectives in watershed restoration and improving the productivity of forests under collective management.     

基于心理契约的煤炭企业员工安全感的培育

分析心理契约与安全感内涵,进一步探讨煤矿企业员工心理契约形成过程及其与安全感之间的关系模型,指出心理契约是影响员工安全感的重要因素。根据心理契约的动态发展特性,提出煤矿企业员工安全感3阶段培育策略。指出通过生产设备本质安全化、健全安全管理制度,安全行为矫正与安全心理培训等手段建立良性互动的心理契约,是培养煤炭企业员工安全感的重要途径。研究表明:在煤炭企业内部建立有效的沟通平台可以强化企业与员工之间的心理约束,提高员工的心理承受能力和风险干预能力,进而增强煤炭企业员工的安全感。研究的思路和方法为煤炭企业的安全管理提供了一种全新的视角,对遏止煤矿重大事故具有重要意义。     

降雨条件下岩溶碳汇的动态变化特征——以桂林毛村地下河为例

2010年6月13日至6月17日期间,对桂林毛村岩溶地下河出口HCO3-与流量对降雨的响应进行了高分辨率的监测,实时监测降雨量和地下河出口河水水位、水温、pH值、电导率、重碳酸根,结合计算地下河水方解石饱和指数(SIc)与二氧化碳分压(pCO2)的基础上,分析了降雨条件下岩溶碳汇的动态变化特征.相关数据表明,(1)岩溶...     

煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究

从认知心理学视角,分析煤矿员工不安全行为的决策心理过程,构建煤矿员工不安全行为"知-能-行"模式模型,归纳该模式下煤矿员工不安全行为致因因素,为煤矿员工不安全行为管理工作提供了重要理论参考。研究表明:煤矿管理者的不尽职行为是一种重要的不安全行为,并成为导致我国煤矿事故频发的根本原因;安全管理规定和行为规范、员工的记忆状态、理解能力、行为认知能力、价值观及价值判断、行动能力均是影响煤矿员工作出不安全行为的重要心理因素;预防和控制煤矿员工不安全行为应从煤矿员工的外在规定性、"知"、"能"、"行"4个方面入手;对煤矿管理者和工人的不安全行为管理应具有差异性。     

The power of reflection for would-be leaders: Investigating individual work reflection and its impact on leadership in teams

This paper examines the key role that individual work reflection plays in facilitating individuals' leadership in teams. Consistent with the functional perspective on leadership, we argue that individual work reflection allows individuals to better understand their team's needs, and therefore enact higher levels of task-, relational-, and change-oriented leadership behaviors and be more effective leaders in their teams. We first conducted a series of measure development studies to validate a measure of individual work reflection comprising four dimensions of reflection at work: goals-, methods-, relationships-, and self-focused reflection. Then, across two independent studies assessing individuals in self-managing teams over time, we found support for our theoretical model linking individual work reflection to peer-rated leadership behaviors (Main Studies 1 and 2) and leadership effectiveness (Main Study 2). In further support of our theorizing, Main Study 2 also indicates that individual work reflection shapes leadership behaviors and effectiveness via understanding the team's needs, beyond a wide range of related constructs (e.g., feedback seeking, mindfulness, and rumination), as well as commonly studied predictors of leadership behaviors (i.e., the Big Five). Our theory and empirical findings help advance insights on the role of individual work reflection in improving leadership outcomes in organizations.     

硫丹的环境行为及水生态毒理效应研究进展

有机氯农药硫丹作为一种典型的持久性有机污染物(POPs)曾广泛应用于农业生产,我国曾大量使用。硫丹作为一种重要的污染物通过地表径流、淋、溶、干/湿沉降等方式进入水体,在直接影响大型水生植物和浮游藻类的同时,给鱼类等水生动物也带来了一定的毒性效应。由于其半衰期较长、迁移能力强、富集性高,在水体环境中已普遍检测出硫丹的存在,因此,对硫丹的水生生态安全性评价显得十分重要。硫丹对水生生物具有高毒性,它可影响生物正常受体配体作用、损伤生物膜、影响活性氧代谢并具有潜在的内分泌干扰作用。本文介绍了硫丹的环境行为效应,并综述了硫丹对水生生物的毒性及几种致毒机制,展望了该领域今后的研究重点和方向。     

What is the relationship between self-reported aberrant driving behaviors,mindfulness, and self-reported crashes and infringements?

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between self-reported aberrant driving behaviors, mindfulness, and self-reported crashes and infringements.

Methods: Three hundred and eighteen participants (M = 46.0 years, SD = 13.7 years; female: 81.8%) completed an online survey that assessed aberrant driving behaviors, mindfulness (including regular mindfulness meditation [MM]), and self-reported crashes and infringements during the past 2 years. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationship between self-reported aberrant driving behaviors and mindfulness simultaneously, as well as with participants' age and estimated kilometers driven over the past year.

Results: The results of the SEM showed that mindfulness was negatively related to each self-reported aberrant driving behavior, with the strongest relationships being between mindfulness and driving-related lapses (?0.58) and errors (?0.46). Participants who practice MM had significantly fewer crashes in the past 2 years and reported significantly fewer driving-related violations and lapses compared to participants who did not practice MM (crashes: 9.3% vs. 18.8%, P < .05; violations: M = 6.66 [SD = 3.44] vs. M = 7.68 [SD = 4.53], P < .05; errors: M = 5.17 [SD = 3.44] vs. M = 6.19 [SD = 4.12], P < .05).

Conclusions: More research is needed to understand whether MM results in more mindful and attentive drivers or whether individuals who practice MM may have other traits or behaviors that are linked to improved safety.     

深井大采高综采面矿压显现及覆岩破断规律研究

针对深井大采高综采技术中采场矿压控制难的特点,以潘二矿11223大采高综采工作面为工程背景,采用相似模拟、数值模拟、现场矿压监测、理论分析等方法,对深井大采高综采工作面矿压显现及覆岩运动破断规律进行研究。结果表明:深井大采高综采面覆岩运动破断后结构形态演化特征可概括为“组合悬臂岩梁结构——压实填充结构——非铰接岩梁结构——铰接岩梁结构”的动态演化过程,这种动态演化过程直接影响着工作面的矿压显现特征及覆岩破坏特点;得到工作面初次来压步距为34 m,基本顶周期来压步距15 m,来压由中部开始向两端转移;工作面前方应力集中区距煤壁平均4.4 m,应力峰值平均为26 MPa,工作面矿压显现特点受控于覆岩运动破断的动态演化力学结构,研究结果对类似条件下的工作面安全开采具有一定的理论依据和借鉴意义。     

北京市大学生绿色消费行为特征研究

当前资源短缺、环境污染等问题较为严重,从生态、环保的角度出发,人们应该选择绿色、可持续的消费行为。绿色消费作为一种全新的消费方式,正在以一种崭新的道德观、人生观和价值观融入人们的生活。与普通民众相比,大学生具有更高的知识水平和接受新生事物的能力,因此对大学生绿色消费行为特征的研究尤为必要。通过对国内外大学生绿色消费行为特征问题相关研究成果的梳理,探究影响大学生绿色消费行为特征的主要因素,并据此设计问卷对北京市大学生的绿色消费行为特征进行实证调研,通过对调查结果的分析,发现当前大学生在进行绿色消费时存在以下典型特征问题:对绿色产品或者绿色消费概念欠了解、超前消费和过度消费现象突出、具有从众消费和攀比消费心理、社交消费支出逐渐增大等问题。针对存在的特征问题建议大学生从加强自我管理、养成理财习惯、抵制非绿色消费行为、引导绿色消费时尚等方面进行改进。