上海地区住宅儿童卧室内甲醛和苯系物浓度的现场检测分析

2013年3月~2014年12月对上海地区454户装修时间超过1 a的住宅内的儿童卧室室内甲醛和苯系物进行了现场监测.不同儿童卧室室内甲醛和苯系物浓度存在较大差异.冬季卧室室内甲醛浓度明显高于其他季节(P0.001),但苯系物浓度无明显的季节差异.春季使用不同内墙墙面装饰材料的卧室苯系物浓度均值存在明显差异;夏季使用不同地板装饰材料的卧室苯系物浓度均值也存在显著差异(P0.01).秋季室内盆景数量为5个的卧室甲醛浓度均值明显高于其他卧室.冬季经常使用加湿器和家中饲养宠物的儿童卧室室内苯系物浓度均值显著高于其他儿童卧室(P0.05).结果表明,装修较长时间后,装修材料的类型仍然与室内苯系物浓度存在一定的关系;但相对于装修材料,室内通风可能对室内甲醛浓度影响更大.室内苯系物浓度可能与室内湿度和室内宠物的饲养有关.家用空气净化器可能可以有效降低室内甲醛的暴露水平.植物盆栽净化装修时间较长的住宅室内甲醛和苯系物的效果可能有限.     

Understanding knowledge hiding in organizations

In our introduction to this special issue on understanding knowledge hiding in organizations, we provide some context to how and why this phenomenon should be studied. We then describe the five articles that comprise the special issue, and we note some common themes and divergences in this collection. Our introduction concludes with some suggestions for future research on knowledge hiding in organizations.     

融合分心维度的驾驶行为可靠性研究

分心驾驶容易影响驾驶行为,进而导致交通事故的问题。用理论建模方法,研究分心对驾驶行为及其可靠性的影响。介绍分心驾驶的定义和维度。基于驾驶行为理论,建立融合分心维度的驾驶行为模型,分析不同分心维度对驾驶行为的影响机理。基于可靠性理论,建立融合分心维度的驾驶行为可靠性模型,分析不同分心维度对驾驶行为可靠性的影响。结果表明:不同维度分心对驾驶行为的影响具有各自特点和交互性;减少影响系数高的分心维度,有助于提高驾驶行为可靠性;多维度分心比单维度分心会更大程度地降低驾驶行为可靠度,应减少或避免复合分心。     

基于人类行为视角的市县国土空间总体规划管控措施编制思路探究

在明确国土空间规划应融合多规,以主体控制线统一管控分区,强化底线约束,实施用途管制的前提下,管控措施编制对国土空间规划管控策略、管控体系的构建与实施至关重要。本研究的目的是探索基于人类行为的市县国土空间总体规划管控措施编制思路。尝试从人类行为视角进一步延伸管控思路,并衔接现行法律法规、部门规章等管控文件作为编制参照,根据人类行为与自然资源、国土空间的作用关系,结合行为开展与分区用途是否匹配,推导相关行为在对应市县国土空间总体规划管控分区的管控措施,以期为实现国土空间规划精准落地和国土空间资源保护与开发精细化管理提供参考。     

Portraying the Perils to Polar Bears: The Role of Empathic and Objective Perspective-taking Toward Animals in Climate Change Communication

Images of animals, particularly polar bears, harmed by climate change are often used in environmental campaigns, despite warnings of potential reactance and resultant perceived distance from the issue. As an alternative to these emotional appeals, environmental campaigns could encourage an objective (i.e., emotionally detached) perspective on climate change impacts. The present research tests the effects of a message that encourage empathic vs. objective perspectives toward polar bears harmed by climate change on emotions and subsequent support for climate change activism among 241 American adults through an online survey. Contrary to popular warnings, the present research found no reactance toward portraying harm to polar bears from climate change and no benefits of taking an objective perspective toward the polar bears. Instead, portrayals of polar bears harmed by climate change motivated both environmentalists and non-environmentalists to donate money to environmental activist groups when they took an empathic perspective toward the animals. Empathy and hope explain effects for environmentalists and empathy, hope, worry, personal guilt, and boredom explain effects for non-environmentalists.     

生物炭影响抗生素在土壤中环境行为的Meta分析

生物炭作为一种减污降碳相协同的土壤改良剂,在抗生素污染控制方面均有较大应用前景.为了系统研究生物炭施用对抗生素在土壤中环境行为的影响,对2011～2021年发表的20篇文献进行Meta分析.结果表明,抗生素在生物炭改良土壤中的吸附、降解行为受生物炭施用量与性质的显著影响.施用质量分数为2%时,对抗生素吸附行为的影响最强,效应值为0.19;施用质量分数为5%时,对其降解作用影响显著,效应值为0.23;生物炭比表面积、极性、稳定性和芳香化程度对分配系数的增加影响非常显著,分别为0.11、0.13、0.09和0.18;而生物炭施用量和性质对抗生素迁移行为影响并不显著.生物炭还可通过调控土壤环境间接影响抗生素环境行为.但抗生素在土壤中多环境行为耦合对生物炭的响应机制仍不明确,生物炭田间施用的长效性与负面效应仍缺乏基础数据支撑.     

When the abuse is unevenly distributed: The effects of abusive supervision variability on work attitudes and behaviors

The present study examined the consequences of a dispersion‐based conceptualization of unit‐level abusive supervision or abusive supervision variability. Abusive supervision variability was proposed to negatively affect a number of employee attitudes and behaviors through the mediating effects of interpersonal justice climate strength. The results revealed significant cross‐level effects such that abusive supervision variability was negatively related to individual perceptions of leader ethicality, organizational ethicality, leader satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment. These effects remained robust after controlling for individual‐level abusive supervision. Abusive supervision variability was also positively related to the frequency with which unit members as a whole engaged in counterproductive work behaviors. Last, the results revealed partial support for the mediating effects of interpersonal justice climate strength. In sum, the findings highlight the importance of examining abusive supervision at both the individual and unit levels of analyses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

坚硬顶板综采工作面推进速度对矿压规律影响研究

以顾桥煤矿坚硬顶板综采工作面工程地质条件为背景,运用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测手段,分析了开采速度对工作面覆岩运动、围岩破坏、应力分布和液压支架承载特性的影响。研究结果表明:1个周期来压内工作面落煤引起的岩梁刚性回转下沉量是一定的,工作面作业循环时间引起的岩梁蠕变下沉量与岩梁刚性回转下沉量呈正比,加快工作面推进速度仅减少围岩体蠕变引起的岩梁下沉部分。工作面开采速度增加,覆岩塑性区发育范围减小,煤壁应力集中位置变浅、应力集中系数变小。工作面快速推进时,液压支架承载多为2次増阻和3次増阻,支架工作阻力较小;缓慢推进时,液压支架承载多为1次急增阻,载荷近似呈线性增长,支架工作阻力较大。     

水环境中的邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物及其环境行为研究

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类普遍使用的有机化合物质,主要用于聚氯乙烯的增塑剂,目前在水环境中已经大量存在,由于其具有致癌、致畸和致突变性,引起广泛的关注。已有研究表明,邻苯二甲酸酯环境内分泌于扰物,对人类和自然环境有非常大的危害。文章主要对邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物在水环境中的污染现状以及水环境行为的研究现状进行了综述,进入水环境的邻苯二甲酸酯主要是在水体中发生相应的迁移转化,邻苯二甲酸酯能够在水环境中发生生物降解、吸附、水解和光解等环境行为。最后对邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物今后的研究方向进行了展望。