尾矿坝浸润线数据挖掘预测模型的样本选取研究

本文分别应用时间序列功能模型和回归模型,在原始数据的基础上建立样本,并运用支持向量回归机算法对样本进行训练,得出了尾矿坝浸润线埋深预测模型并进行了实例应用。研究证明,运用时间序列模型选取训练样本能够得出更为精确的预测结果。     

我国医疗废物应急处置体系构建思路

自2003年的“非典”疫情以来,我国医疗废物处置从单一简易焚烧转变为多种形式的统筹应用,医疗废物应急处置在管理和技术方面均取得了显著进展.新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19,简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情期间,尽管面临更为复杂的医疗废物风险防控形势,但在医疗废物集中处置设施、危险废物焚烧设施、生活垃圾焚烧设施、水泥窑设施、移动式医疗废物处置设施、医疗机构自备处置设施等不同类型处置设施的共同作用下,我国仍然实现了全部医疗废物的安全处置.然而,新冠肺炎疫情暴发初期较为被动的医疗废物应急处置响应方式暴露出我国医疗废物应急处置能力较为薄弱的现状,存在顶层设计缺乏、应急储备不足、技术支撑欠缺等突出问题.借鉴国内外相关经验,针对存在的问题,提出建立医疗废物应急处置体系的建议:①充分衔接突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系,开展医疗废物应急处置制度设计;②科学制定并实施医疗废物处置设施建设规划,统筹考虑应急处置能力配置;③评估新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗废物应急处置形式,总结合理技术路线;④推进应急物资储备、处置队伍和专家队伍建设等能力建设,提升应急响应速度.      

重点区域生活垃圾焚烧行业实施大气污染物超低排放的可行性技术路线研究

随着中国城镇化建设进程的不断加快,生活垃圾焚烧行业迅猛发展。在钢铁、焦化以及燃煤电厂等行业已实施超低排放的情况下,推行生活垃圾焚烧行业超低排放,对进一步改善大气环境具有积极意义。国内一些省份和城市已经或者正在制定生活垃圾焚烧行业地方标准,积极推动行业污染物超低排放。笔者结合各地经验,探讨了4种不同技术方式、不同运行成本的超低排放可行性技术路线,为重点区域垃圾焚烧实施超低排放提供参考和依据。     

南水北调中线工程与汉江中下游地区农业的持续发展

南水北调中线工程是指从汉江的丹江口水库引水供给华北地区,同时考虑鄂,豫两省汉江唐白河流域和淮河流域的需水要求的战略性工程,是调整水资源的空白布局,解决我国北方缺水问题的紧迫任务。汉江中下游地区是湖北省的粮仓和重要的产业基地,是汉江流域经济发展的中心。由于调水的影响,汉江丹江口以下的流量及季节性分配将发生变化,航运,水质,农业灌溉,工业生产以及城市发展等将受到不同程度的影响,直接关系到汉江中下游地区     

Route evaluation for hazmat transportation based on total risk - A case of Indian State Highways

Risk-based hazmat transportation route evaluation involves risk calculations taking into consideration the probability of collision related accident occurrence and detailed consequence analysis of various event scenarios. Probabilistic hazmat transportation risk assessment mainly depends on three important factors i.e. accident rate, Average Daily Traffic and population density besides route length which has a definite bearing on it. An effort has been made to estimate the route segment specific (location-specific) accident rate instead of aggregate National or State average values in order to bring specificity into the issue of decision making to avoid routes with higher accident rates. Instead of using default accident rate for different highway types developed with the US data, which are not well-comparable when used in Indian situations; the author used site-specific truck accident data. Subsequently, Loss of Containment (LOC) probabilities and spillage probabilities for different route segments have been computed and compared. Finally, route segment-wise total risk is estimated which is a convenient measure of the average number of persons likely to be exposed from all the possible consequence event scenarios resulting from releases of different hazmats being transported along the studied routes. The present study highlights the route evaluation carried out based on total risk computation, without going through detailed event based consequence analysis on two State Highway routes and one major urban road passing through important industrial corridors of Surat District in western India, to enable routing decisions by local authorities and also for planning emergency mitigation purposes.     

优选地震救灾路径的图与模糊集算法

由于在大地震的紧急救灾期，交通网络具有明显的结构变动性，传统的最短路算法设计出的路线难以满足救灾在时间、安全性与通行质量方面的要求。为了解决这一问题，考虑了有关的因素，基于模糊评价，对交通网络图中的长度权进行了修正；并增加了2个新的约束，然后综合应用图论与模糊极值的理论方法，建立了2个以最大限度地保障运行体的完整性与缩短运行时间为主要目标的，在多权图上优选路线的算法。该算法可较好地满足紧急救灾路线优化设计的需要。     

关于《生态保护》课程实践教学若干问题的探讨

《生态保护》在我院是一门重要的课程，也是一门实践性很强的学科，但是目前该课程的实践教学环节还相当薄弱。增建实习实践基地，选择合适的实习路线，拟建相关学科实验室等措施将为该课程的实践教学提供保障。     

Connectivity of wood thrush breeding,wintering, and migration sites based on range‐wide tracking

Many migratory animals are experiencing rapid population declines, but migration data with the geographic scope and resolution to quantify the complex network of movements between breeding and nonbreeding regions are often lacking. Determining the most frequently used migration routes and nonbreeding regions for a species is critical for understanding population dynamics and making effective conservation decisions. We tracked the migration of individual Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) (n = 102) from across their range with light‐level geolocators and, for the first time, quantified migration routes and wintering regions for distinct breeding populations. We identified regional and species‐level migratory connectivity networks for this declining songbird by combining our tracking results with range‐wide breeding abundance estimates and forest cover data. More than 50% of the species occupied the eastern wintering range (Honduras to Costa Rica), a region that includes only one‐third of all wintering habitat and that is undergoing intensive deforestation. We estimated that half of all Wood Thrushes in North America migrate south through Florida in fall, whereas in spring approximately 73% funnel northward through a narrow span along the central U.S. Gulf Coast (88–93°W). Identifying migratory networks is a critical step for conservation of songbirds and we demonstrated with Wood Thrushes how it can highlight conservation hotspots for regional populations and species as a whole. Conectividad de Sitios de Reproducción, Invierno y Migración del Zorzal con Base en Rastreo de Cobertura Amplia     

京津冀北流域生态补偿机制初探

从京津冀北流域生态保护面临的难题分析入手,借鉴国际流域生态补偿的经验,从四个角度提出京津冀北地区可以选择的生态补偿类型。就京津冀北地区而言,更多地要从政府介入的层面来探讨其生态补偿的机制,同时考虑补偿的实施效果,把生态保护融入区域经济发展之中,从而真正达到生态补偿的目的。本文亦给出京津冀北流域生态补偿机制的路径选择;即首先建立流域水权交易政策;其次探索“流域水质水量协议”;第三是做好利益转移估算。最后开展流域“异地开发”实践。     

大气中过氧化氢的生成、污染特征及其影响因素

过氧化氢(H₂O₂)是自由基的源和汇,是对流层大气中重要的氧化剂. 采用文献研究法对1990年以来H₂O₂的文献进行搜集整理,对其生成途径、污染特征及其影响因素进行了研究. 结果表明:H₂O₂在大气、云水和颗粒物中均有存在,大气中的H₂O₂主要通过O₃和甲醛光解、VOC同OH·/O₃等反应生成. 大气中φ(H₂O₂)一般在nd～8×10-9内波动,晴天φ(H₂O₂)呈早晚低、午后高的日变化特征;φ(H₂O₂)随φ(O₃)、太阳辐射和气温的增加而升高,随φ(NO_x)、φ(VOCs)和相对湿度的升高而降低;H₂O₂氧化SO₂为SO₄2-是液相化学中最重要的反应,可以导致酸沉降以及二次气溶胶浓度的升高. 在气相光化学反应中,H₂O₂/HNO₃(体积分数比)可以指示O₃生成是VOCs控制还是NO_x控制. 今后需对OH·浓度、NO₂和O₃的光解速率等影响H₂O₂关键因素开展监测研究,此外,还需对我国特殊大气环境下H₂O₂对SO₄2-生成的贡献、不同地区H₂O₂/HNO₃指示O₃生成对NO_x或VOCs敏感性等方面开展更多的研究.