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The authors report on a series of 210 chorion villus sampling diagnoses made with a needle by the transabdominal route. The rate of fetal loss was 4·2 per cent. Placental localization was important: fetal losses were 8 per cent when the placenta was strictly posterior (transamniotic route), whereas it was only 1·6 per cent when it was not posterior. Moreover, all fetal losses occurred (apart from one at 12·5 weeks of amenorrhea) before the 12th week of amenorrhea. The authors suggest that choriocentesis by the transabdominal route should not be performed before the 12th week of amenorrhea, and that the amniotic membrane should not be disturbed before the 13th week of amenorrhea. 相似文献
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多孔陶瓷球负载纳米晶粒二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及光催化活性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以多孔陶瓷球为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在其表面进行纳米TiO2薄膜负载,制备了多孔陶瓷球负载纳米晶粒二氧化钛光催化剂,经X射线衍射法(XRD)等手段对其表征结果表明,复合载体经500℃焙烧后,TiO2以锐钛矿晶型存在。对催化剂降解活性艳蓝溶液的催化活性进行研究表明,催化剂在5 h内可完全降解活性艳蓝染料。 相似文献
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过氧化氢(H2O2)是自由基的源和汇,是对流层大气中重要的氧化剂. 采用文献研究法对1990年以来H2O2的文献进行搜集整理,对其生成途径、污染特征及其影响因素进行了研究. 结果表明:H2O2在大气、云水和颗粒物中均有存在,大气中的H2O2主要通过O3和甲醛光解、VOC同OH·/O3等反应生成. 大气中φ(H2O2)一般在nd~8×10-9内波动,晴天φ(H2O2)呈早晚低、午后高的日变化特征;φ(H2O2)随φ(O3)、太阳辐射和气温的增加而升高,随φ(NOx)、φ(VOCs)和相对湿度的升高而降低;H2O2氧化SO2为SO42-是液相化学中最重要的反应,可以导致酸沉降以及二次气溶胶浓度的升高. 在气相光化学反应中,H2O2/HNO3(体积分数比)可以指示O3生成是VOCs控制还是NOx控制. 今后需对OH·浓度、NO2和O3的光解速率等影响H2O2关键因素开展监测研究,此外,还需对我国特殊大气环境下H2O2对SO42-生成的贡献、不同地区H2O2/HNO3指示O3生成对NOx或VOCs敏感性等方面开展更多的研究. 相似文献
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城市内涝灾害已成为威胁人们生命财产安全、 滞缓社会经济发展的城市"顽疾",内涝灾害防治能力的提升迫在眉睫.首先从排水管网建设、城市蔓延、"信息孤岛"三个维度分析了城市内涝灾害防治所面临的困境,而后引入数据治理理念;在建立数据治理模型并对其原则框架、范围框架及实施和评估框架作出解读的基础之上,提出管网建设智能化、数据共享... 相似文献
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Spurgeon DJ Lawlor A Hooper HL Wadsworth R Svendsen C Thomas LD Ellis JK Bundy JG Keun HC Jarup L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3425-3432
The relationship of measured or modelled Cd concentrations in soil, house dust and available to plants with human urinary Cd concentrations were assessed in a population living around a Cd/Pb/Zn smelter in the UK. Modelled air concentrations explained 35% of soil Cd variation indicating the smelter contributed to soil Cd loads. Multi-variate analysis confirmed a significant role of biological and life-style factors in determining urinary Cd levels. Significant correlations of urinary Cd with soil, house dust and modelled plant available Cd concentrations were not, however, found. Potential reasons for the absence of clear relationships include limited environmental contact in urban populations; the role of undefined factors in determining exposure; and the limited spatial scope of the survey which did not sample from the full pollution gradient. Further, the absence of any significant relationship indicates that environmental measures provide limited advantage over atmospheric model outputs for first stage human exposure assessment. 相似文献
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Sensitivity of key factors and uncertainties in health risk assessment of
benzene pollutant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Predicting long-term potential human health risks from contaminants in the multimedia environment requires the use of models. However,there is uncertainty associated with these predictions of many parameters which can be represented by ranges or probability distributions rather than single value.Based on a case study with information from an actual site contaminated with benzene,this study describes the application of MMSOILS model to predict health risk and distributions of those predictions generated using Monte Carlo techniques.A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate which of the random variables are most important in producing the predicted distributions of health risks.The sensitivity analysis shows that the predicted distributions can be accurately reproduced using a small subset of the random variables.The practical implication of this analysis is the ability to distinguish between important versus unimportant random variables in terms of their sensitivity to selected endpoints.This directly translates into a reduction in data collection and modeling effort.It was demonstrated that how correlation coefficient could be used to evaluate contributions to overall uncertainty from each parameter.The integrated uncertainty analysis shows that although drinking groundwater risk is similar with inhalation air risk,uncertainties of total risk come dominantly from drinking groundwater route.Most percent of the variance of total risk comes from four random variables. 相似文献