碱厂白泥制备橡胶填充剂的可行性研究

以青岛碱厂白泥为研究对象,通过橡胶实验及产品性能测试,证实了用碱厂白泥制备橡胶填充剂的可行性。与目前正在使用的普通轻质碳酸钙和超细轻质碳酸钙相比较,由白泥加工成的粉体填充剂对丁苯胶硫化胶性能的影响能够达到普通轻质碳酸钙的水平,对天然橡胶硫化胶性能的影响能够达到超细轻质碳酸钙的水平。天然橡胶的混炼实验表明,增加白泥粉体在配方中的用量,对硫化胶的力学性能没有什么影响,但由于白泥粉体分散性下降,增加了橡胶混炼时的困难。     

天然橡胶改性废弃塑料制备不干胶的研究

利用废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要基料、掺入少量天然橡胶改性,通过对溶剂、增塑剂、乳化剂及增稠剂的筛选,研制出了一种低成本的不干胶,对该不干胶的配方进行优化选择,对其性能指标进行了测试,测试结果表明该不干胶的粘附力大,耐水性能好,能反复粘贴,能耐酸、耐碱、耐冻,同时原料易得。     

Soil-profile distribution of carbon and associated properties in no-till along a precipitation gradient in the central Great Plains

No-till (NT) farming is considered as a potential strategy for sequestering C in the soil. Data on soil-profile distribution of C and related soil properties are, however, limited, particularly for semiarid regions. We assessed soil C pool and soil structural properties such as aggregate stability and strength to 1 m soil depth across three long-term (≥21 year) NT and conventional till (CT) experiments along a precipitation gradient in the central Great Plains of the USA. Tillage systems were in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on a loam at Hutchinson and winter wheat-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow on silt loams at Hays and Tribune, Kansas. Mean annual precipitation was 889 mm for Hutchinson, 580 mm for Hays, and 440 mm for Tribune. Changes in profile distribution of soil properties were affected by differences in precipitations input among the three sites. At Hutchinson, NT had 1.8 times greater SOC pool than CT in the 0-2.5-cm depth, but CT had 1.5 times greater SOC pool in the 5-20-cm. At Hays, NT had 1.4 times greater SOC pool than CT in the 0-2.5-cm depth. Differences in summed SOC pool for the whole soil profile (0-1 m depth) between NT and CT were not significant at any site. The summed SOC pool with depth between NT and CT were only significant above the 5 cm depth at Hutchinson and 2.5 cm depth at Hays. At Hutchinson, NT stored 3.4 Mg ha⁻¹ more SOC than CT above 5 cm depth. At Hays, NT stored 1.35 Mg ha⁻¹ more SOC than CT above 2.5 cm depth. Moreover, NT management increased mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWDA) by 3 to 4 times for the 0-5-cm depth at Hutchinson and by 1.8 times for the 0-2.5-cm depth at Hays. It also reduced air-dry aggregate tensile strength (TS) for the 0-5-cm depth at Hutchinson and Hays and for the 0-2.5-cm depth at Tribune. The TS (r = −0.73) and MWDA (r = 0.81) near the soil surface were more strongly correlated with SOC concentration at Hutchinson than at Hays and Tribune attributed to differences in precipitation input. Results suggested NT impacts on increasing SOC pool and improving soil structural properties decreased with a decrease in precipitation input. Changes in soil properties were larger at Hutchinson (880 mm of precipitation) than at Hays and Tribune (≤580 mm). While NT management did not increase SOC pool over CT for the whole soil profile, the greater near-surface accumulation of SOC in NT than in CT was critical to the improvement in soil structural properties. Overall, differences in precipitation input among soils appeared to be the dominant factor influencing NT impacts on soil-profile distribution of SOC and soil structural properties in this region.     

橡胶促进剂废水的生物处理

采用A2／O工艺处理橡胶促进剂废水,橡胶促进剂废水与生活污水的比例逐步提高至1：1,实验结果表明在整个生化系统的水力停留时间为24．h的条件下．出水指标可达到一级A排放标准。共代谢提高了微生物降解难降解物质的效率。通过人工投加碳源和聚合氯化铝的办法,总氮和总磷得以有效去除。     

某橡胶轮胎企业2010年工伤事故的调查分析

为了解某橡胶轮胎企业工伤事故的情况,应用有关安全管理理论和统计分析方法,对2010年的66起工伤事故进行回顾性调查,分析工伤事故发生的环境,以求找出事故发生原因及分布规律、特征,探讨工伤事故的危险因素,并结合橡胶轮胎的工艺装备条件,利用可实现的技术和策略,提出事故防范和控制的对策。     

浅谈管道隔振

在建筑工程中管道系统作为介质输送的必备条件,虽然管道自身不会产生振动,但是管道在与相关振动设备连接时则变成了传递振动的"振桥",在隔振设计时经常被忽视。本文主要讲述了冷冻机房内水管路吊挂,落地安装及通风系统中风管吊装时的几种减振降噪做法,还包括了经常被大家忽视的管道穿墙隔振的做法,分别通过添加弹簧减振器、弹簧吊架、橡胶减振垫、橡胶挠性接管、金属软管、波纹管补偿器等减振器材,使得振源通过管道产生振动的传导大大降低,并且记述了一些减振设备在安装时应注意的事项。     

基于细观模拟的轻骨料混凝土破坏行为及尺寸效应研究∗

轻骨料混凝土由于其轻质高强及保温隔热性能好等优点,越来越多被应用于实际工程结构。从细观角度出发,将混凝土材料看作由骨料颗粒、砂浆基质及界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料,建立了考虑混凝土材料非均质性影响的二维细观数值分析模型,模拟研究了轻骨料混凝土与普通混凝土压缩和劈拉破坏行为及尺寸效应的异同,并揭示两者破坏机理。结果表明:轻骨料混凝土压缩及劈拉破坏均造成骨料颗粒的断裂,而普通混凝土破坏时骨料很少破坏;轻骨料混凝土由于脆性较强,与普通混凝土相比有更加明显的压缩强度尺寸效应现象;轻骨料混凝土与普通混凝土存在相似的劈拉强度尺寸效应现象。     

压电智能骨料动态拉应力标定试验研究∗

为了监测混凝土内部受拉开裂损伤,提出了混凝土内部拉应力监测压电智能骨料,并对其进行了动态拉应力标定试验研究。首先,制备4个压电智能骨料受拉试件,建立拉应力监测系统;其次,对压电智能骨料施加往复拉应力,标定得到其灵敏度系数;然后,对压电智能骨料试件施加单调荷载直至其受拉破坏,得到其抗拉强度及输出的电压信号,对比了破坏过程的实际与监测荷载。结果表明,往复荷载作用下,SA输出与输入荷载呈良好的线性关系,SA的灵敏度系数一致性较好;单调荷载作用下,各SA抗拉强度均高于混凝土抗拉强度。综上,压电智能骨料有潜力应用于混凝土内部的拉应力监测。     

外绝缘用液体硅橡胶老化现象的微观表征

本文针对近年来出现在一些变电站SF6电压、电流互感器的液体硅橡胶绝缘护套出现龟裂老化这一现象,对发生老化的硅橡胶材料进行了性能测试和试验,并利用红外光谱分析、XPS分析、热失重等手段分析了其微观结构和物质组成的变化。研究发现老化后的液体硅橡胶中Si-C、Si-O官能团和Si、C、O元素的相对含量发生了变化,且随着老化程度的增加呈现出较为明显的规律,老化越严重,Si-C键含量越少,C元素的含量越少,O元素含量越多。本文认为,用官能团含量、元素相对含量可以准确地表征液体硅橡胶材料的老化程度。通过对不同老化程度的液体硅橡胶进行的憎水性、耐漏电起痕性能的试验也证实了本文的观点。     

有机污染物的被动采样材料-水分配系数的QSAR研究

污染物的被动采样材料-水分配系数(K_(PW))是衡量被动采样器性能和进行优化的一个重要指标,由于实验方法难以逐个测定众多污染物的K_(PW)值,有必要发展其KP W预测方法。本研究选取聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)和硅橡胶(SR)3类常用的被动采样材料共7种,采用多元线性回归分析方法构建可用于K_(PW)预测的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型。所构建的QSAR模型具有良好的拟合优度(R2a dj介于0.806~0.989)、稳健性(Q2L O O和Q2B O O T分别介于0.786~0.988和0.773~0.801)和预测能力(R_(ext)~2和Q_(ext)~2分别介于0.769~0.989和0.757~0.982),可以用于预测烷烃、烯烃、芳香类、醇类、酮类、酯类、醚类等多种有机污染物的log KP W值。有机污染物的log KP W与分子Mc Gowan体积(Vx)、氯原子个数(n Cl)、环周长(Rperim)、多重键个数(n BM)、N,O极性贡献的拓扑极性表面积(TPSA(NO))、[-N(=)=]结构个数(Ndds N)和羟基个数(nROH)等参数有关。