柴油车加载减速烟度测试工况的关联规则研究

进行在用柴油车加载减速烟度检测工况点的关联规则研究。应用数据挖掘方法对4730台次柴油车的加载减速烟度排放检测数据进行分析,挖掘该检测方法中的三种检测工况点测试烟度值HSU100、HSU90、HSU80合格与否相互之间的关联规则。发现该三种检测工况烟度排放检测合格的相互支持度在85.8%~90.68%范围内,而其中任一种检测工况下烟度测试合格相对车辆烟度检测合格的支持度为77.8%。     

区域大气重污染过程识别指标及算法研究

重点区域秋冬季大气重污染应对是大气污染防治工作的重中之重,但针对区域大气重污染过程尚无明确、统一的判定依据,给空气质量管理造成不便.以京津冀大气污染传输通道"2+26"城市为研究对象,依据秋冬季大气重污染过程的区域性特征,以及"发生—发展—消散"的演变规律,将区域内3个及以上相邻城市至少 1d空气质量达到重污染水平判定...     

Spatiotemporal trends of illegal activities from ranger‐collected data in a Ugandan national park

Within protected areas, biodiversity loss is often a consequence of illegal resource use. Understanding the patterns and extent of illegal activities is therefore essential for effective law enforcement and prevention of biodiversity declines. We used extensive data, commonly collected by ranger patrols in many protected areas, and Bayesian hierarchical models to identify drivers, trends, and distribution of multiple illegal activities within the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area (QECA), Uganda. Encroachment (e.g., by pastoralists with cattle) and poaching of noncommercial animals (e.g., snaring bushmeat) were the most prevalent illegal activities within the QECA. Illegal activities occurred in different areas of the QECA. Poaching of noncommercial animals was most widely distributed within the national park. Overall, ecological covariates, although significant, were not useful predictors for occurrence of illegal activities. Instead, the location of illegal activities in previous years was more important. There were significant increases in encroachment and noncommercial plant harvesting (nontimber products) during the study period (1999–2012). We also found significant spatiotemporal variation in the occurrence of all activities. Our results show the need to explicitly model ranger patrol effort to reduce biases from existing uncorrected or capture per unit effort analyses. Prioritization of ranger patrol strategies is needed to target illegal activities; these strategies are determined by protected area managers, and therefore changes at a site‐level can be implemented quickly. These strategies should also be informed by the location of past occurrences of illegal activity: the most useful predictor of future events. However, because spatial and temporal changes in illegal activities occurred, regular patrols throughout the protected area, even in areas of low occurrence, are also required.     

三峡库区堆存垃圾浸出污染物的水质影响模拟

以三峡库区坝前水位135～175m范围的生活垃圾为研究对象,调查分析了其堆存量、空间分布和理化特性;通过污染物溶出动态模拟和放大实验研究,估算了生活垃圾中有机污染物的溶出源强,并运用河流岸边稳态衰减模式计算了不同处置方案对库区水质的影响程度.针对基准方案和135m蓄水期处置方案,分别对库区局部河段水质和干流水质的影响进行了分析比较.结果表明,若采用基准方案,即将淹没区内约600×104t的生活垃圾就地处置,淹没于水中,将会对库区水质安全构成较大的威胁;若采用135m蓄水期处置方案,则水体中CODcr值增加不超过0.03mg·L-1,对库区干流水质的影响较小.     

重庆地铁岩石隧道环境振动衰减规律

本文研究了重庆地铁岩石隧道环境振动衰减规律，并预测了重庆地铁振动的影响范围和程度。     

富营养化水体底泥释磷的影响因素及其机理

磷是湖泊富营养化的主要限制因子，在此综述了沉积物中磷的赋存形态，释放机理及其影响因素。内源磷的赋存形态主要分为铝磷、铁磷、钙磷及有机磷，磷释放受pH值、溶解氧、生物、温度、扰动等5种因素影响，对富营养水体内源磷释放的影响因素及其机理进行研究，可为富营养化水体的治理提供理论依据。     

环境保护国际化对WTO规则的冲击

对环境保护国际化给WTO规则的冲击进行了分析，并提出相关的对策。     

Double dividend hypothesis, golden rule and welfare distribution

This paper analyzes the double dividend issues within the framework of overlapping generations models. We characterize the necessary conditions for obtaining a double dividend, i.e. an improvement of environmental and non-environmental welfare when the revenue from the pollution tax is recycled into a change in the labor tax rate. We show that, depending on the initial capital stock and on the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, conditions may be defined to simultaneously allow (i) the obtaining of a long-term double dividend, (ii) the economy to move closer to the modified golden rule and (iii) in the short term, an improvement in the welfare of the two present generations.     

三峡库区沿江堆存垃圾浸泡污染物COD溶出规律研究

三峡库区沿江两岸堆存了大量的生活垃圾，随着三峡工程二期蓄水的I临近，二期水位以下的垃圾必须得到清理。为了科学有效的治理库区的生活垃圾，达到环境效益，社会效益和经济效益三者的最优结合，本文通过浸泡生活垃圾污染负荷浸出理论分析和动态冲刷实验研究，建立了理论模型和实验模型，并且对二者进行了对比分析。结果表明实验和理论模型能较好的反映垃圾污染物的溶出规律，将为三峡库区库底生活垃圾对水环境的影响预测和其清理提供基础和决策依据。     

线性溶剂化能相关方法应用及参数估算

简要介绍了线性溶剂化能相关方法的原理，回顾了该方法在溶解度、辛醇／水分配系数和生物毒性预测中的成功应用，重点讨论了参数估算规则，以利于该方法进一步推广。