Emotional reactions in women in late pregnancy (24 weeks or longer) following the ultrasound diagnosis of a severe or lethal fetal malformation

We studied the emotional reactions of 41 women in late pregnancy shortly after they had been informed of the diagnosis of ‘severe or lethal fetal malformations’ and 3 months after delivery. In addition, situational variables were explored as determinants of grieving. While grief did not diminish during the study period, psychological instability was less pronounced at 3 months after delivery. More grief reactions were evoked by self-reported easily versus self-reported not easily initiated pregnancy, gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks versus beyond 34 weeks, multiparity versus primiparity, and viewing versus not viewing the baby.     

A posteriori hazard analysis and feedback information of an accidental event in the grains storage of an agrochemical product

The present study concerns a hazardous event which occurred in an industrial storage tank of a ground insecticide. A preliminary post-accident approach of the hazard evaluation is performed. The rapid report of the presence of an unstable functional group in the active product and of its potential thermal instability (CHETAH indices) has led to complete this examination by an experimental study of thermal analysis using isotherm exposition measurement (DTA) or with temperature programming by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and oxidability tests (BAM). The apparent kinetics of decomposition of the active matter of the ground insecticide has been represented by a global Arrhenius law.

A model designed for the simulation of heterogeneous thermal runaways based on the numerical solution of the transient mass and energy balances has been further applied to define the critical conditions of the storage and simulate its behavior.

The results obtained during this analysis with the experienced feedback allowed us on one side to explain the hazardous event and especially on the other side to modify the operating protocol of the conditions of formulation of the active matter on the inert mineral support.     

二叔丁基过氧化物的热失控动力学研究

为研究二叔丁基过氧化物(DTBP)热失控危险性,利用C600微量量热仪对DTBP热分解动力学进行试验研究,测定DTBP在不同升温速率下的起始放热温度和分解热,分别用非等转化率法和等转化率法得到DTBP热分解反应的动力学参数。用非等转化率法确定反应的最佳反应级数为1,相应的活化能分别为137.75、132.60、128.61和122.93 kJ/mol,指前因子分别为8.82×1012、6.69×1012、2.06×1012和3.89×10111/s。用等转化率法确定的活化能范围为102～138 kJ/mol,并拟合出活化能与转化率的关系曲线。结合计算出的动力学参数,通过对DTBP分解机理的分析,可以推断其具有热失控危险性。     

锂电池火灾灭火技术研究综述

为系统了解锂电池火灾灭火技术研究现状,综述国内外针对锂电池火灾的灭火实验研究,基于锂电池火灾的特点,从灭火效果、冷却效果和毒性危害等方面分析各类灭火剂对锂电池火灾的适用性,指出目前研究存在的问题以及今后的研究重点。研究结果表明：灭火剂的冷却能力是抑制锂电池内部链式分解反应,进而阻止锂电池复燃和热失控传播的关键因素。未来研究应更贴近实际工程应用,从灭火效率、冷却能力、毒性影响和有无不良抑制作用等角度综合评估灭火剂的有效性。     

Photo-Induced OH reactions of naphthalene and its oxidation products on SiO2

The photo-induced degradation of naphthalene, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1-naphthol and 1-NO₂ naphthalene, adsorbed on silica gel, and with the addition of nitrogenous air pollutants e.g. NO₂ (as KNO₂) was investigated. Results indicate that compounds adsorbed onto a solid carrier are degraded when irradiated with UV light (λ > 290 nm) in the presence of nitrites. The key species initiating the naphthalene degradation is the OH-radical which is generated through the photolysis of NO₂. Reaction products identified were 2-formyl-cinnamaldehyde, 1,4-naphthoquinone, nitronaphthol, o-phthaldialdehyde, phthalide and nitronaphthalene. A mass balance between 40–50% was achieved. Under the same irradiation conditions, 1-NO₂ naphthalene is mainly degraded by direct photolysis while degradation of 1-naphthol and 1,4-naphthoquinone proceeds via the reaction with OH-radicals. Identified products were hydroxy-nitro-nitroso- and quinones compounds.     

光合有效辐射在大气中的衰减

2004年9月～2006年10月,在华北地区的4个站点开展了太阳辐射、气象参数等的综合观测,得到了光合有效辐射PAR、总辐射Q等的变化特征.水汽和散射因子对于PAR/Q和PAR有明显的影响.基于能量观点,建立了实际天气PAR小时累计值(时累)的经验模式,获得了较好的计算结果.水汽因子对于PAR在大气中的传输有一定的作用,应给予重视.计算表明,华北地区受水汽因子衰减到达地面的PAR以及占地面PAR的比例分别为7.99W.m-2和4.24%,受散射因子衰减到达地面的PAR以及占地面PAR的比例分别为172.36W.m-2和95.76%.华北地区受水汽因子和散射因子影响损失于大气中PAR分别为15.33、309.30W.m-2,这一能量损失表现出明显的季节变化和区域差别.敏感性实验表明,地表PAR对于水汽因子、散射因子的变化有不同的响应,PAR对散射因子的变化比对水汽因子的变化更敏感.水汽因子与PAR之间的关系与水密切相关,水汽因子项的真正含义应该是大气中的各种物质成分(气、液、固态)对于PAR的直接吸收和间接利用(通过化学和光化学反应,包括均相和非均相过程)的总和.利用PAR经验模式计算了大气顶的PAR,计算误差为-3.5%.在目前及未来研究中,应该重视和考虑消耗于大气中的且与水汽有关的这部分能量.基于能量观点分析实测资料并研究大气中的物理化学过程及其规律是一种行之有效的方法.     

射频放电诱导还原水中六价铬

采用射频放电等离子体对水中六价铬(Cr(VI))进行还原研究,用高速相机观察了放电过程中等离子体宏观形貌的变化,用光谱仪检测了放电产生的自由基种类,并考察了入射功率、初始pH,Cr(VI)初始浓度以及羟基自由基(·OH)清除剂对Cr(VI)还原的影响。结果表明：等离子体形貌在宏观上呈现周期性变化;放电产生了·OH和氢原子(·H)。降低溶液的pH,增加放电的入射功率以及加入·OH清除剂均有利于Cr(VI)的还原;·H和次级产物过氧化氢(H2O2)是Cr(VI)还原的主要活性物质;射频放电的能量效率高于光催化,与辉光放电和电晕放电相近。利用射频放电还原水中Cr(VI)是一种高效、简易的水处理技术。     

大气汞氧化还原过程与机制的计算化学研究进展

大气中汞的氧化还原反应对于其全球生物地球化学循环起着极其重要的作用,它促进了汞在全球范围内的扩散.汞主要以气态元素汞的形态释放到大气中,并经历复杂的均相和非均相化学反应,被氧化为活性气态汞和颗粒态汞;同时,活性气态汞也可经过光致还原反应光解生成气态元素汞.计算化学是一种基于理论方法利用计算软件来对化学现象和本质进行解释...     

The use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride for metal deposition: A green alternative?

Ionic liquids are studied intensively for different applications. They tend to be denoted as “green solvents”, largely because of their low vapour pressure. In recent years toxicity and biotoxicity of ionic liquids have also been investigated, which proved that not all of these are “green”. In this paper the use of ionic liquids based on choline chloride and ethylene glycol in electrochemistry is discussed in the context of their use as green solvents. Due to their low toxicity and ready biodegradability, these deep eutectic solvents are promising for the electrodeposition of metals. The influence of the use of these liquids as metal deposition baths on the waste water is investigated. Drag-out was found to be the most influencing parameter on the environmental impact of the process, as it is three times higher compared to classical solutions due to the higher viscosity of the ionic liquid. There are no major changes needed in the rinsing configuration of classic electroplating plants, and ion exchange to remove the metal out of the waste water was not hindered by the presence of the ionic liquid. The formation of by-products during the deposition of metals has to be further investigated and evaluated in consideration of the environmental impact.