涉外企业的货币经营风险管理

结合涉外企业投入与产出所处市场的分割程度或一体化程度,分析了当地企业、进口企业、出口企业或全球经营企业所面临的货币经营风险;对计量涉外企业货币经营风险的方法进行比较,认为管理层估计法对于计量货币经营风险以及制定相应的竞争对策有着重要作用;分别从金融性套期保值、经营性套期保值和营销策略等视角讨论货币经营风险的管理。笔者认为:金融性套期保值通过锁定涉外企业的外币现金流出或流入,可部分抵消涉外企业的货币经营风险暴露;经营性套期保值通过调整企业的经营业务并尽可能多地增加经营现金流,可从根本上提高涉外企业适应汇率变化的能力;通过影响涉外企业及其竞争对手所处的经营环境,营销策略有助于降低涉外企业的货币经营风险暴露。     

地铁运营系统安全综合评价指标体系研究

分析地铁运营系统的特点、运营模式、系统故障模式,并运用系统工程的理论原则,从系统外部因素、系统指挥因素、设备设施因素、运营管理因素4个方面,确立地铁运营系统安全综合评价指标体系,利用模糊数学综合评价法,建立了地铁运营系统安全综合评价模型,并通过典型实例进行综合分析评价,进而证明将模糊数学理论应用于地铁安全综合评价的可行性。通过地铁运营系统安全指标体系和评价方法的研究和探索,对正确评价地铁系统运营安全现状,修正偏差,提高地铁系统安全总体水平具有十分重要的意义。     

浅谈林业安全分类管理与对策

论述了安全生产中出现的一些不安全现象和事故，采取有效的管理办法与对策，为林业经济建设服务。     

列车安全操纵仿真系统的研究

探讨了列车牵引力学条件下的铁路列车安全操纵问题 ,开发了一套可用于不同运行条件下的列车安全操纵仿真软件。重点介绍了系统的主体结构、功能模块以及列车安全操纵的计算模型 ,详细描述了在一个时间步长内如何确定列车的工况、手柄位以及停车制动的仿真算法 ,并在实际线路上对电力机车进行了实例分析。系统计算速度快 ,人工干预方便 ,效果良好 ,可以满足现场的实际需求。     

城市水环境建设中的资本运作探讨

城市水环境的治理和改善需要高额资金，建设中的资本运作尤为重要。本文在论述了传统水环境建设投资模式及其缺陷的基础上提出了城市水环境建设中资本运作的基本思路，从成立专业投资公司、拓宽融资渠道和确立收益回报形式等几个主要环节详细阐述了资本运作基本模式的组成和功能，介绍了新的融资渠道和收益形式，并对新的资本运作模式应注意的问题进行了深入的分析。     

NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN ILLINOIS RIVERS 1967 TO 1974: COMPARISON AMONG REPORTING AGENCIES1

ABSTRACT: Long term data on surface water quality can sometimes be assembled by combining data collected by different agencies at different times and assuming that between agency differences in data quality are insignificant. The objective of this paper was to assess the quality of riverine nitrate (NO₃) concentrations in Illinois measured and reported by four agencies from 1967 to 1974 by comparing median values for similar sampling locations and periods. A total of 17 river reaches were identified for which two agencies reported NO₃ concentrations during similar periods. Nonparametric comparison of median values and analysis of covariance with discharge as a covariant produced similar results. Nitrate concentrations reported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 1967 to 1971 were not statistically (P > 0.05) different from values reported by the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) for two of three river reaches. Additionally, NO₃ concentrations reported by USGS from 1972 to 1974 were not statistically different than concentrations reported by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) for four of five river reaches. From 1969 to 1971, NO₃ concentrations reported by the Illinois Department of Public Heath and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IDPH/IEPA) were less than one‐fourth the magnitude of values reported by ISWS. The median NO₃ concentrations measured by the Central Illinois Public Service (CIPS) were significantly greater than those measured by USGS and IDPH/IEPA in the three comparable sampling locations. The use of NO₃ concentrations measured by CIPS and IDPH/IEPA prior to 1972 is not recommended.     

基于可接受安全间距的单车道交通流模拟模型

交通流微观模拟是采用计算机对交通流进行描述及分析的方法。尤其对于复杂的交通流而言,微观模拟具有明显的优势,然而模拟的准确与否,关键在于模型的建立。笔者即是在研究我国单车道交通流特点的基础上,借鉴车道变换理论,基于驾驶员可接受的交通安全间距,分析安全变换车道的各间距之间的关系,阐述了有超车的单车道交通流模拟模型的建立方法     

地铁运营系统危险有害因素辨识分析

地铁系统发生事故,后果不堪设想。笔者在对国内外63起地铁典型事故分析的基础上,确定了地铁火灾、列车脱轨、拥挤踩踏、中毒窒息、列车撞车等危险有害因素,并对影响事故的后果严重度和发生频率进行了分析,给出了危险度计算查阅赋值表,从而确定了影响地铁运营的危险度,作出了量化分级,同时对可能导致事故的危险有害因素进行了分析,并对危险有害因素的防治对策进行了探讨。     

政府部门的应急响应能力在城市防灾减灾中的作用

城市是人口、经济密集的地区,城市自身的特点决定了抢险救灾必须快速果断,当城市发生灾害时,当地政府部门是抢险救灾的主力军,在这一过程中,政府部门对灾害的应急反应能力成了救灾、减灾成功与否的决定性因素.文章探讨了政府部门的应急响应能力的组成及其在城市防灾减灾中的重要性.政府部门的灾害应急能力主要从应急反应、应急指挥、应急救援、应急信息的发布和应急避难五个方面体现出来.     

Integration of ecological–biological thresholds in conservation decision making

In the Anthropocene, coupled human and natural systems dominate and only a few natural systems remain relatively unaffected by human influence. On the one hand, conservation criteria based on areas of minimal human impact are not relevant to much of the biosphere. On the other hand, conservation criteria based on economic factors are problematic with respect to their ability to arrive at operational indicators of well‐being that can be applied in practice over multiple generations. Coupled human and natural systems are subject to economic development which, under current management structures, tends to affect natural systems and cross planetary boundaries. Hence, designing and applying conservation criteria applicable in real‐world systems where human and natural systems need to interact and sustainably coexist is essential. By recognizing the criticality of satisfying basic needs as well as the great uncertainty over the needs and preferences of future generations, we sought to incorporate conservation criteria based on minimal human impact into economic evaluation. These criteria require the conservation of environmental conditions such that the opportunity for intergenerational welfare optimization is maintained. Toward this end, we propose the integration of ecological–biological thresholds into decision making and use as an example the planetary‐boundaries approach. Both conservation scientists and economists must be involved in defining operational ecological–biological thresholds that can be incorporated into economic thinking and reflect the objectives of conservation, sustainability, and intergenerational welfare optimization.