TUGAI: An Integrated Simulation Tool for Ecological Assessment of Alternative Water Management Strategies in a Degraded River Delta

The development of ecologically sound water allocation strategies that account for the needs of riverine ecosystems is a pressing issue, especially in semiarid river basins. In the Aral Sea Basin, a search for strategies to mitigate ecological and socioeconomic deterioration has been in process since the early 1990s. The Geographic Information System–based simulation tool TUGAI has been developed to support the policy determination process by providing a simple, problem-oriented method to assess ecological effects of alternative water management strategies for the Amudarya River. It combines a multiobjective water allocation model with simple, spatially explicit statistical and rule-based models of landscape dynamics. Changes in environmental conditions are evaluated by a fuzzy habitat suitability index for Populus euphratica, which is the dominant species of the characteristic riverine Tugai forests. Water management scenarios can be developed by altering spatiotemporal water distribution in the delta area or the amount of water inflow into the delta. Outcomes of scenario analysis are qualitative comparisons of the ecological effects of different options for a time period of up to 28 years. The given approach utilizes different types of knowledge, from quantitative hydrological data to qualitative local expert knowledge. The main purpose of the tool is to integrate the knowledge in a comprehensive way to make it available for discussions on alternative policies in moderated workshops with stakeholders. In this article, the modules of the tool, their integration, and three hypothetical scenarios are presented. Based on the experience gained when developing the TUGAI tool, we propose that the general framework can be transferred to other areas where tradeoffs in water allocation between the environment and other water users are of major concern. The potential for a simulation tool to structure and inform a complex resource management situation by involving local experts and stakeholders in the development of possible future scenarios will become increasingly valuable for transparent and participatory resource management.     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰在饰面砖中资源化应用技术

分析了飞灰的性质,利用飞灰、红泥及缸砂研制饰面砖,研究了飞灰对饰面砖性能及微观结构的影响,并对其安全性进行了评价。结果表明:飞灰主要化学成分是CaO、SiO2、Al2O3,构成SiO2-Al22O3-金属氧化物体系,可用作饰面砖的原材料;当飞灰掺加量为20%时,饰面砖表现出良好的性能:抗压强度19·2MPa,吸水率7·2%,表观质量达到一等品要求;与飞灰相比,饰面砖中重金属浸出能力大大降低:As、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cu、Hg、Cd水平振荡浸出毒性未检测出,Zn的水平振荡浸出值下降到飞灰中的0·014倍,Hg、Cd有效浸出毒性未检测出,As、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn的有效浸出毒性分别下降到飞灰中的0·056、0·001、0·067、0·058、0·056、0·029倍。     

楚雄德胜钢铁公司烧结机尾除尘改造实践

介绍楚雄德胜钢铁公司19·6m2烧结机尾除尘系统改造工程中使用三电极电除尘器的工艺及有关设计技术问题,并根据使用效果进行分析总结。结果表明,在设计参数选择恰当的情况下,三电极电除尘器对烧结烟气有较好的除尘效果,这些经验和操作中存在的问题供烧结机尾除尘工程设计参考。     

滇池流域磷循环系统的物质流分析

研究营养元素在社会经济系统中的物质代谢结构及特征,是有效预防和控制地表水体富营养化的关键性分析技术之一.以滇池流域磷循环为研究案例,运用物质流分析方法建立了2000年流域静态物质流模型(PHOSFAD),并在此基础上识别出流域磷循环系统的总体结构特征,以及资源开采、化工生产、农业种植、畜禽养殖、居民生活等生产和消费部门的物质利用效率特征,为科学防治滇池水体富营养化提供了重要决策依据和参考.     

上海市“十四五”规划绿色发展驱动因素研究

本文首次以上海市“十四五”规划的视角,使用系统动力学方法研究上海市的绿色发展因素。首先确定了由经济、社会、环境、资源四个子系统交叉融合而构成上海市绿色发展系统,再基于系统动力学原理和上海市2012—2019年的数据构建上海市绿色发展模型,响应“十四五”规划在绿色发展方面设立的目标,构建多个未来发展情景并进行指标参数调控,依据各个情景的仿真结果,分析并总结了“十四五”规划背景下上海市的绿色发展特点。研究结果表明,影响绿色发展的关键因素由主到次依次为生态环境建设支出、研发支出、产业结构调整。相比于产业的投资结构调整,上海市对从业人员结构的调整可以高效平衡经济与环境的发展;加快科技创新可以在很大程度上抑制碳排放,从而快速实现上海市的“双碳”目标;针对化学污染物的治理,污染源防治不但十分有效,而且有利于持续性发展,这些措施应是上海市政府的首选。     

松花江野生鱼类重金属残留分析与评价

以松花江流域的野生鱼类为研究对象,在松花江流域选取松林、大顶子山、佳木斯3个具有代表性的点位,在2014—2016年的每年5月底6月初采集鲤鱼和鲫鱼样品,3年内共制备45个鲤鱼单样,44个鲤鱼混样,30个鲫鱼混样,共计119个。采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法对鱼类肌肉组织中残留的As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg 5种重金属进行检测。检测结果显示,As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg 5种重金属全部检出,检测结果全部达标,达标率为100%。根据检测结果采用单因子指数法和金属污染指数法等评价了松花江流域鱼体重金属残留状况及食用安全性,评价结果为松花江流域鱼类重金属残留量相对较少,鱼体健康,食用安全。     

Portrayals of Endangered Species in Advertising: Exercising Intertextuality to Question the Anthropocentric Lens

This paper examines recent advertisements used by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to raise awareness about the predicament of endangered, vulnerable, and threatened species. By engaging in a critical discourse analysis of a selection of advertisements, this study demonstrates how the WWF uses intertextuality as a discourse strategy to articulate its message and objectives. In this paper, I argue that by engaging in the juxtaposition of various paratexts (“layers of meaning”), the WWF produces a narrative which reveals an anthropocentric lens through which we view the world. The advertisements are found to resort to paratexts of anthropomorphism with the intent of extending the bounds of personhood to non-human animal species. In closing, I maintain that intertextuality is employed not only to question the dominant human-centric paradigm, but serve the heuristic function of encouraging a more empathetic identification with the animals in question and the creation of a more holistic worldview.     

Abundance and removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rearing environments of intensive shrimp aquaculture in South China

Although research regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture environments has gained increasing scientific interest, further studies are required to understand the abundances and removal mechanisms of ARGs during the entire rearing period of shrimp aquaculture. Thus, in this study, abundances, distributions and removal rates of ARGs in different environmental compartments of intensive shrimp farms in South China were investigated during the entire rearing period. The results indicated that sul1 and cmlA were the predominant ARGs in the water and sediment samples. Additionally, the total abundance of ARGs was higher in shrimp pond water than in the source water and farm effluent. Moreover, sediment samples indicated significantly higher ARG abundances than water samples from the shrimp ponds (P?<?0.05). Environmental factors were found to significantly affect the distribution of ARGs in shrimp rearing environments. Furthermore, stable ponds aided the removal of ARGs from shrimp pond water. This study accounted for temporal variations in ARG abundances as well as removal of ARGs in different environmental compartments during the entire shrimp rearing period. However, additional research is required to optimize the water treatment process for removal of ARGs from the aquaculture.     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中铝的含量

以桑色素作显色剂,采用流动注射分光光度法测定水中铝的含量。在桑色素质量浓度为0．8g／L、聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚体积分数为1．0％、进样环体积为400μL、检测波长420nm的条件下,采用流动注射分光光度法对水中铝的含量进行测定,本方法的线性范围为2～300μg／L,检出限（信噪比为3）为0．124μg／L,相对标准偏差为2．9％,加标回收率为96．4％～101．8％。     

自然土壤中苯酚降解菌的分离和系统发育分析

采用富集培养的方法,从未受苯酚污染的自然土壤中分离得到5株能以苯酚为唯一碳源生长的细菌.根据生理生化特性和系统发育分析对它们进行了初步鉴定,菌株PHD-2为Ralstonia sp.,菌株 PHD-4为Acinetobacter sp.,菌株PHD-5 为Microbacterium sp.,菌株PHD-1和PHD-3均为Pseudomonas sp.,16S rRNA基因序列的同源性比较和系统发育分析表明自然土壤中的苯酚降解菌具有丰富的多样性.