人误因素树构建技术研究

运用人误因素辨识多视图法进行因素辨识,建立了详细的因素辨识表;把人的行为分为5个阶段,即系统状态监测阶段,目标分析阶段,方案确定阶段和行为执行阶段.分别分析各个阶段可能的人误原因及模式;以组织视图为例,根据因素辨识和人误原因及模式分析结果,阐述人误因素树的构建过程,最终得到了1个完整的人误因素树.     

小型露天采石场爆破作业安全评价方法的探讨

应用安全检查表、事故树、作业条件危险性分析等方法对露天小型采石场爆破作业进行了分析评价,找出了导致爆破作业事故发生的可能因素及可采用的预防途径,为小型露天爆破作业事故的预防提供有益参考.     

人的差错行为对矿山安全的模糊综合评判

人的差错行为对矿山安全有着极大的影响.对人的差错行为因素进行分析,利用模糊综合评判的方法,对某煤矿工人作业行为安全性的评判,确定该煤矿矿工行为的安全状态,从而及时了解矿工情绪、心理等状态,适时地进行安全培训教育,以保障人员安全作业.     

金属矿山安全管理与信息化技术

信息化技术与传统产业的紧密结合,可实现传统产业快速发展.信息化技术对矿山安全也发挥了重要的作用.详细论述了金属非金属矿山的安全生产现状,矿山安全灾害种类和矿山安全信息化技术,指出信息化技术的应用是解决矿山安全问题的一个重要途径.     

湖北省生态环境与健康素养水平调查及对策研究

根据2019年7月国务院印发和出台的《国务院关于实施健康中国行动的意见》(国发〔2019〕13号)和《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》提出的相应考核指标,在基本理念、基本知识和基本技能3个生态环境与健康素养一级分类指标中,当调查对象得分之和大于或等于卷面分数的70％,则认为其具备该分类生态环境与健康素养.居民整体...     

我国汽车报废回收利用体系框架初探

主要介绍了国内外废旧汽车回收处理现状,并从法制建设、回收网络构建、回收技术研究、宣传教育等方面提出了我国应对废旧汽车回收利用的对策建议。     

煤矿岗前人员不安全状态智能检测系统研究——以红柳林煤矿为例

为从根本上降低煤矿从业人员实施不安全行为的概率,在充分考虑煤矿从业人员不安全个体状态是诱发其不安全行为的主要原因的基础上,设计开发一套矿工不安全状态智能检测系统。首先,对2007—2022年期间各高危行业安全事故调查报告和专家研究进行归纳,总结得出煤矿从业人员不安全状态的影响因素,构建包括生理状态、心理状态以及个体能力状态在内的3个一级指标和15个二级指标体系;其次,通过相应的表征模型对不安全状态影响因素进行深入剖析;最后,基于构建的从业人员不安全状态倾向数据库,建立煤矿岗前不安全状态智能检测系统。研究结果表明：在下井工作前对从业人员个体状态进行智能检测,能够实现矿工不安全状态“早发现、早干预”,能够有效地降低人因事故发生率,研究结果对煤炭行业安全管理具有重要的参考价值。     

Perceptions of safety on a shared road: Driving,cycling, or walking near an autonomous vehicle

Introduction: While improved safety is a highly cited potential benefit of autonomous vehicles (AVs), at the same time a frequently cited concern is the new safety challenges that AVs introduce. The literature lacks a rigorous exploration of the safety perceptions of road users who will interact with AVs, including vulnerable road users. Addressing this gap is essential because the successful integration of AVs into transportation systems hinges on an understanding of how all road users will react to their presence. Methods: A stated preference survey of the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan statistical area (Phoenix MSA) was conducted in July 2018. A series of ordered probit models was estimated to analyze the survey responses and identify differences between various population groups with respect to the perceived safety of driving, cycling, and walking near AVs. Results: Greater exposure to and awareness of AVs are not uniformly associated with increases in perceived safety. Various attitudinal factors, level of AV automation, and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are related to safety perceptions of driving, walking, and cycling near AVs. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, income, employment, and automobile usage and ownership, have various relationships with perceived safety. Conclusions: Cycling near an AV was perceived as the least safe activity, followed by walking and then driving near an AV. Both similarities and differences were observed among the factors associated with the perceived safety of different travel alternatives. Practical Applications: Public perception will guide the development and adoption of AVs directly and indirectly. To help maintain control of public perception, transportation planners, decision makers, and other stakeholders should consider more deliberate and targeted messaging to address the concerns of different road users. In addition, more careful pilot testing and more direct attention to vulnerable road users may help avoid a backlash that could delay the rollout of this technology.     

An application of a modified theory of planned behavior model to investigate adolescents’ job safety knowledge,norms, attitude and intention to enact workplace safety and health skills

Introduction: For many reasons, including a lack of adequate safety training and education, U.S. adolescents experience a higher rate of job-related injury compared to adult workers. Widely used social-psychological theories in public health research and practice, such as the theory of planned behavior, may provide guidance for developing and evaluating school-based interventions to prepare adolescents for workplace hazards and risks. Method: Using a structural equation modeling approach, the current study explores whether a modified theory of planned behavior model provides insight on 1,748 eighth graders’ occupational safety and health (OSH) attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy and behavioral intention, before and after receiving instruction on a free, national young worker safety and health curriculum. Reliability estimates for the measures were produced and direct and indirect associations between knowledge and other model constructs assessed. Results: Overall, the findings align with the theory of planned behavior. The structural equation model adequately fit the data; most path coefficients are statistically significant and knowledge has indirect effects on behavioral intention. Confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention measures each reflect a unique dimension (reliability estimates ≥0.86), while the subjective norm measure did not perform adequately. Conclusion: The findings presented provide support for using behavioral theory (specifically a modified theory of planned behavior) to investigate adolescents’ knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intention to engage in safe and healthful activities at work, an understanding of which may contribute to reducing the downstream burden of injury on this vulnerable population—the future workforce. Practical application: Health behavior theories, commonly used in the social and behavioral sciences, have utility and provide guidance for developing and evaluating OSH interventions, including those aimed at preventing injuries and promoting the health and safety of adolescent workers in the U.S., who are injured at higher rates than are adults.     

Fun ride or risky transport: Golf cart-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments from 2007 through 2017

Introduction: Golf cart-related injuries constitute a substantial source of morbidity, most notably in pediatric populations. Despite the high rate of injuries, there have been no meaningful changes in golf cart design or legislation to reduce the overall burden of these injuries. This study sought to characterize the epidemiology of golf cart-related injuries treated in United States hospital emergency departments. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for patients of all ages who were treated in emergency departments (EDs) (2007–2017) for a golf cart-related injury. Results: From 2007 through 2017, an estimated 156,040 (95% CI = 102,402–209,679) patients were treated in U.S. EDs for golf cart-related injuries. The average rate of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in children (1.62 per 100,000 children) was more than three times that of TBIs in adults (0.52 per 100,000 adults; rate ratio = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.36–2.41) and nearly twice that of TBIs in seniors (1.11 per 100,000 seniors; rate ratio = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.19–1.22). The rate of injuries in seniors increased significantly by 67.6% from 4.81 per 100,000 seniors in 2007 to 8.06 per 100,000 seniors in 2017 (slope = 0.096; p = 0.041). Conclusions: Golf cart use remains an important source of injury for people of all ages, especially in children. As use continues to increase, it is unlikely that golf cart-related injuries will decrease without substantial changes to product design, regulation, and/or legislation. Practical Applications: Use of golf carts pose a considerable risk of injury and morbidity; safety recommendations should be followed.