甲基叔丁基醚装车安全系统的改进

分析了甲基叔丁基醚装车系统存在的隐患,采取了规范储罐与装车点的安全距离、增设装车操作平台、配备消静电器及鹤管液下装车等措施,保证了装车的安全性。     

工艺安全管理系统的适用范围——危险化学品目录及临界量的确定

从工艺安全管理（PSM）的角度,对美国、欧盟等的工艺安全管理系统适用范围的定义进行分析,结合目前国内《重大危险源辨识》中给出的部分危险化学品的临界量,以此为基础制定适合我国国情的危险化学品目录并确定各物质的临界量,提出在我国推行工艺安全管理系统的建议。     

危险化学品安全评价现状及对策

阐述了危险化学品安全评价的重要性,介绍了我国危险化学品生产企业的安全现状。详细分析了影响危险化学品生产企业安全评价有效性的各种因素,针对中国当前危险化学品安全评价中存在的主要问题,提出了改进对策措施。     

Evolution of working conditions under the impact of ICTs

IntroductionInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) play a major role in the current evolution of work. They are both a great tool for emancipating human beings from the most tedious and most dangerous tasks and an effective vector for intensifying work.MethodsOn the basis of three foresight exercises carried out in recent years and by describing concrete examples of work organizations, the authors highlight the main possible trends for the changes to come.ConclusionsThey conclude on a few general principles that could allow the establishment of a win–win policy.     

Cycle Aware: Piloting a module for novice drivers

Introduction: In low-cycling countries, motor-vehicle traffic and driver behavior are well known barriers to the uptake of bicycles, particularly for utility cycling. Lack of separation between cyclists and faster-moving traffic is one key issue, while attitudes of drivers toward and/or harassment of cyclists is another. Cyclist-related driver education has been recommended as a means to improve driver-cyclist interactions. Methods: The driver licensing process provides an opportunity for such education. The Cycle Aware module was developed to test and enhance novice drivers’ knowledge of interacting safely with cyclists. It was piloted across three Australian jurisdictions targeting both novice and experienced drivers. Participants were asked to complete the Cycle Aware module and an accompanying survey. A total of 134 novice and 97 experienced drivers completed the survey with 42 novice and 50 experienced drivers going on to complete the module. Results: Both groups of drivers scored equally well in the module but the very youngest and very oldest participants were more likely to have some incorrect responses. We did not find any relationship between correct module scores and attitudes toward cyclists. Survey results showed both novice and experienced drivers had somewhat positive attitudes toward cyclists. The two cohorts differed on several attitude questions. Sixty percent (60%) of novices compared to 30% of experienced drivers reported feeling concerned when sharing the road with cyclists, and novices were less likely to agree that cyclists had a right to use the roads. Conclusions and practical applications: The analysis suggests novices need to be better equipped to share roads confidently with cyclists and to recognize cyclists as legitimate traffic participants.     

Review of hydrogen safety during storage,transmission, and applications processes

Hydrogen is considered an excellent clean fuel with potential applications in several fields. There are serious safety concerns associated with the hydrogen process. These concerns need to be thoroughly understood and addressed to ensure its safe operation. To better understand the safety challenges of hydrogen use, application, and process, it is essential to undertake a detailed risk analysis. This can be achieved by performing detailed consequence modellings and assessing risk using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This study comprehensively reviews and analyses safety challenges related to hydrogen, focusing on hydrogen storage, transmission, and application processes. Range of release and dispersion scenarios are investigated to analyse associated hazards. Approaches to quantitative risk assessment are also briefly discussed.     

基于模糊层次分析法的木结构古建筑安全评价

为准确地对木结构古建筑进行安全现状评价,考虑到木结构古建筑的结构复杂性,本文提出一种基于模糊层次分析法的木结构古建筑评价方法。利用该方法对故宫博物院景福宫进行检测和评价。结果表明:利用层次分析法对木结构古建筑进行安全性评价简单可行,与传统的评级法相比,该方法可考虑不同构件对结构安全性的贡献程度以及不同属性对同一构件安全性的贡献程度,提高了木结构古建筑安全评价的准确性和可靠性。     

基于随机森林的飞机长着陆预警方法

为降低飞机冲出跑道事故造成的人员伤亡和财产损失,以长着陆事件为研究对象,探讨1种有效的长着陆事件预警方法。提出应用随机森林模型对长着陆事件进行预警,给出模型的特征筛选、构建及评价方法,并使用实际飞行数据验证模型有效性。结果表明:基于随机森林的飞机长着陆预警模型精确率为88.41%,召回率为87.14%,模型可以有效对长着陆事件进行预警。     

浸渍液pH值对V-Mo/Ti脱硝催化剂性能的影响研究

为提升V-Mo/Ti催化剂的脱硝性能,在催化剂制备过程中调节浸渍工艺参数,制备了一系列不同浸渍液pH值的催化剂,采用XRD、N2-吸附脱附、拉曼光谱、UV-Vis、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征,考察了pH值的变化对催化剂物理化学性能的影响,采用固定床微型反应器对催化剂的脱硝性能进行评价。结果表明,降低浸渍液pH值,可以抑制催化剂上VOx物种的聚合,提升催化剂的还原性能,有利于提升催化剂的脱硝效率,降低脱硝反应过程中N2O生成量。同时,浸渍液pH值的变化,也会影响催化剂的酸性性能。当浸渍液pH值低于3.64时,催化剂酸性性能显著降低,造成催化剂脱硝性能降低;当浸渍液pH值控制在3.64时,催化剂的还原性能和酸性性能匹配较好,从而显示了较高的脱硝性能。     

生产安全领域科研项目成果评价指标与评价方法研究*

为了更全面、更准确地开展生产安全领域科研项目成果的评价工作,以国家对科技成果评价的相关法规与标准为指引,结合生产安全领域科研项目成果的自身特点,基于德尔菲法从“学术与技术水平”、“成果效益”和“成果影响”3个方面构建相应的多层次评价指标体系;结合生产安全领域科研项目成果特点,提出综合采用同行评议法、多维指数评价法、层次分析法、模糊综合评价法和科学计量法的评价方法选择思路,并以Yaahp作为评价方法的配套工具进行实际应用。研究结果可为生产安全领域相关科研项目成果的评价工作提供一套从指标体系到评价方法,从评价方法到评价工具的整体解决方案。