GIS-Supported Precision Agricultural Fertilization Management at Small Scale

Precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale is the key for regional cultivated land protection and management. Taking Dingzhuang Town (located in Guangrao County, Shandong Province) as a case study, this article explores the precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale. First, three main cropping systems are identified via field investigation, namely wheat–maize–soybean, garlic–maize and cotton. Then, application amount of fertilizer N, P and K under the three cropping sys...     

基于RS及小波变换的滁州市景观特征尺度分析

研究以滁州市2007年Landsat TM遥感影像为数据源,分别应用Haar小波和Daubechies小波系中的Db2、Db4小波基,对样区的主要景观类型进行了特征尺度研究。研究结果表明,Haar小波和Db2小波基的二维小波分析均检测出滁州市主城区主要特征尺度存在5个像元150m处,而Db4小波基景观尺度检测效果较差,不适用于对基于遥感数据源的城市景观特征尺度的检测。     

Good deposits are not enough: Mining labor productivity analysis in the copper industry in Chile and Peru 1992–2009

Chile and Peru produce almost 45% of world’s mine copper output. This situation reflects their natural endowment and mining tradition, but is also the result of development processes undertaken over the last decades. As a result, both countries multiplied its mine copper production in more than 3 times in the last 20 years. Mining labor productivity played a central role achieving these amazing growth rates. Although there is a consensus about the relevance of this variable for the mining industry, the specific factors behind labor productivity changes are not completely understood.     

基于亲景度分析的山东省入境旅游市场研究

入境旅游作为山东省旅游业发展的工作重点,其入境客源市场的变化应作为山东省旅游业发展战略制定的重要基础条件进行分析和研究。依据山东省1998—2007年间的入境旅游相关统计数据,通过亲景度分析,探讨山东省入境旅游市场的年际变化、亲景度国别差异及空间演变,在此基础上提出了山东未来拓展入境旅游市场的对策与建议。     

欠发达地区农户生产效率研究——以西藏自治区为例

以西藏自治区为例,在2009年农户抽样调查数据基础上,利用数据包络法(DEA)探讨西藏不同区域农户生产效率,认为西藏农户生产效率差异与农业生产中自用价值的计算有关,若考虑自用价值,在固定生产规模报酬(CRS)假设下,平均生产效率为0.653,其中拉萨市最高(0.784),日喀则市最低(0.277);若不计入自用价值,山南与那曲地区呈现最高生产效率。表明西藏农户收入中自用价值占了较大比例,扣除自用价值,收入大幅减少,影响生产效率。因此,提高农牧户生产商品率是增加农牧民收入的有效途径。     

A case for gender equity in governance of the Okavango Delta fisheries in Botswana

Fish is a major source of livelihood for the majority of people living around the Okavango Delta in northwestern Botswana. Gender dynamics and governance regimes determine differential access to, and control of, resources between women and men in the area. The purpose of this case study is to critically assess the embeddedness of gendered inequities in the governance of Okavango Delta fishery. Primary data was collected through focus group discussions and face‐to‐face interviews of 96 basket fishers from five villages along the Panhandle area of the Okavango River. The study found that past and present Okavango Delta fishery policy and programme interventions tended to entrench rather than minimize gendered disparities between women and men fishers' access to and control over fish resources, asset accumulation and employment opportunities. Basket fishers have intimate knowledge of flood variability, fish migration and habitat and use this knowledge to make decisions about when and where to harvest what fish species. Women fishers' ecological knowledge, interests and concerns however, have been excluded from current zoning and closed season regulations and co‐management structures. The paper concludes that past and current development interventions as well as the regulatory framework continue to entrench pre‐existing gender relations in the fishery sector which excludes, disempowers and marginalizes women fishers. We recommend innovative co‐management and local based structures which recognize the diversity of interests and interest groups.     

土地集约利用评价方法研究综述

基于土地利用类型和评价尺度,应用文献资料法和综合分析法,梳理了国内20世纪90年代以来土地集约利用评价研究,阐述了土地集约利用的内涵,着重探讨了各种评价方法针对不同用地类型和不同评价尺度的实践应用,归纳各种评价方法并进行对比分析,探讨未来土地节约集约利用评价方法的研究方向和发展趋势.     

规模化畜禽养殖产污系数研究

随着畜禽养殖逐渐走向规模化,畜禽养殖污染已成为农村污染的重要来源。以规模化畜禽养殖产生的废水和固体废弃物为监测对象,对规模化畜禽养殖产污系数进行研究,给出单位畜禽从出生到出栏的产污系数计算方法。以四川省内江市为实例,计算了不同季节、不同规模的规模化养猪场产污系数,并与第一次污染源普查数据进行比较。     

Diagnosis of dissolved organic matter removal by GAC treatment in biologically treated papermill effluents using advanced organic characterisation techniques

Granular activated carbon (GAC) exhaustion rates on pulp and paper effluent from South East Australia were found to be a factor of three higher (3.62 cf. 1.47 kg m⁻³) on Kraft mills compared to mills using Thermomechanical pulping supplemented by Recycled Fibre (TMP/RCF). Biological waste treatment at both mills resulted in a final effluent COD of 240 mg L⁻¹. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was only 1.2 times higher in the Kraft effluent (70 vs. 58 mg L⁻¹), however, GAC treatment of Kraft and TMP/RCF effluent was largely different on the DOC persisted after biological treatment. The molecular mass (636 vs. 534 g mol⁻¹) and aromaticity (5.35 vs. 4.67 L mg⁻¹ m⁻¹) of humic substances (HS) were slightly higher in the Kraft effluent. The HS aromaticity was decreased by a factor of 1.0 L mg⁻¹ m⁻¹ in both Kraft and TMP/RCF effluent. The molecular mass of the Kraft effluent increased by 50 g mol⁻¹ while the molecular mass of the TMP/RCF effluent was essentially unchanged after GAC treatment; the DOC removal efficiency of the GAC on Kraft effluent was biased towards the low molecular weight humic compounds. The rapid adsorption of this fraction, coupled with the slightly higher aromaticity of the humic components resulted in early breakthrough on the Kraft effluent. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix analysis of the each GAC treated effluent indicated that the refractory components were higher molecular weight humics on the Kraft effluent and protein-like compounds on the TMP/RCF effluent. Although the GAC exhaustion rates are too high for an effective DOC removal option for biologically treated pulp and paper mill effluents, the study indicates that advanced organic characterisation techniques can be used to diagnose GAC performance on complex effluents with comparable bulk DOC and COD loads.     

ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场的协同阻垢作用

采用静态阻垢试验方法研究了磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物共同作用时的协同阻垢性能。结果表明,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对碳酸钙和磷酸钙有协同阻垢作用,当磁化水流量为120L／h、磁场强度为0．7T、磁化时间为40min、ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为3mg／L时,ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场对CaCO3的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高了12％;在其他条件不变,而ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为14mg／L时,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对Ca3（PO4）2的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高42．4％。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和x-射线衍射仪（XRD）对CaCO,垢样进行了观察,发现ESA／AMPS共聚物对垢样晶型产生扭曲作用,而磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物协同作用时的垢样晶型没有太大改变。