热解条件对废电路板真空热解规律的影响

采用自行设计的间歇式固定床真空热解中试装置对废线路板进行了真空热解试验;研究了物料尺寸、热解终温、升温速率、真空度及恒温时间等热解条件对热解产物产率分布的影响和废线路板真空清洁热解过程的规律.试验结果表明,热解条件决定废线路板的真空热廨规律,热解终温是影响热解产物产率分布的最重要的热解条件,其它热解条件对热解产物产率分布也有一定影响.在物料尺寸为50 mm×50 mm、热解终温为550℃、加热速率为10℃·min-1、热解压力为20 kPa及恒温时间为60 min的热解条件下,有利于降低热解固体产物产率,同时有利于提高热解液体产物产率和减少处理费用.     

生态足迹动态变化效应的分解分析

通过完全分解模型,把生态足迹分解为经济规模、产业结构和足迹强度3种因素的变化效应,为定量研究影响环境压力的因素提供一种思路。对武汉市1995～2020年生态足迹的动态变化的研究表明:生态足迹变化是由各因素共同作用的结果,而在不同时期各因素对足迹变化所发挥的效应不同;总的看,经济规模的增长助长总足迹的增加,而足迹强度的降低对总足迹的扩张起到了一定的遏制作用,产业结构的变动先是对生态足迹的增长起遏制作用,随后对生态足迹的增长起促进作用。     

基于灰色关联度的污染物排放主导因素研究——以苏州市为例

应用灰色关联度理论对1991～2007年间影响苏州市工业污染物排放的主导因素进行分析。初步研究结果表明,在分析时段内,规模效应、结构效应以及广义技术效应对苏州工业污染物的排放影响都比较大。对于每一种污染物排放,不同效应影响程度不同。总体上看,分析时段苏州地区工业污染物排放受万元污染物排放系数(技术减排效应)影响最大,GDP总量(规模效应影响)次之,第二产业比例(产业结构效应)最弱。1991～2007经济规模增长对污染增加的贡献十分明显,产业结构调整因素还未产生明显的环境效益。技术进步的作用显著。综合起来,污染排放增加量与GDP增加相比较为缓和。苏州必须充分挖掘技术效应在污染削减中的作用,有效地实施产业结构优化和升级,以确保节能减排任务的实现。     

电化学技术在稳定冷却循环水水质中的应用

传统的以提高浓缩倍数为核心的循环冷却水系统的节水措施是投加化学药剂,通过投加种类繁多的化学药剂达到缓蚀阻垢和杀菌灭藻的目的;本文通过分析这种模式实际运行中所存在的弊端,提出应用电化学技术达到稳定循环冷却水系统水质的优越性和应用前景。     

无人机通信信道模型研究

研究合适的无人机通信信道模型对无人机数据链的设计和性能分析具有重要意义。目前,根据无人机不同的飞行状态和不同的飞行环境,通信信道模型可以分为大尺度衰落模型和小尺度衰落模型。在分析这两种模型相关参数和概率分布函数的基础上,结合大尺度衰落和小尺度衰落的特性,利用自由空间路径损耗和粗糙地面路径损耗理论,建立了适合不同环境下无人机特性的统一信道模型。     

Water environmental planning and management at the watershed scale: A case study of Lake Qilu, China

Water environmental planning and management has become essential for guiding the water pollution control activities. Past water pollution control activities have been site specific, with little thought on water quality standard reaching at the watershed scale. Based on the watershed approach, a seven-step methodological framework for water environmental planning and management was developed. The framework was applied to water environmental planning and management of the Lake Qilu watershed in Yunnan Province, China. Results show that the reduction amount of total nitrogen (TN) under the plan is 1,205 tons per year so that the target of environmental capacity can be reached in 2020. Compared with traditional methods, the framework has its prevalence and could be generalized to analogous watersheds.     

石脑油/脱丁烷塔进料换热器结垢腐蚀原因及对策

对轻烃回收装置石脑油/脱丁烷塔进料换热器E-1202B结垢腐蚀进行了检查、检验,从腐蚀介质来源、垢样分析结果、流速等多方面分析了换热器腐蚀泄漏的原因,提出了相应的对策。     

采用大流量泡沫炮扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的探讨

简要分析了大型储罐全面积火灾着火面积大、热辐射强、易复燃、破坏力强等特点,指出了这类火灾的主要扑救难点是远距离作战、消防物资消耗大、战术要求高等。从泡沫液最低流量、泡沫液喷射方式和泡沫液选型3方面提出了用于扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的大流量泡沫炮的要求,指出泡沫炮的最小流量应不低于20000L/min,利用蛋白泡沫液采用集中喷射方式进行灭火。     

城市尺度VOCs污染源排放清单编制方法的构建

 基于国内外文献调研和北京市VOCs污染源普查结果,总结出一套较为完整的城市尺度VOCs污染源排放清单编制方法,该方法概括VOCs污染源排放清单的编制范围、各类VOCs污染源排放量的估算方法、VOCs污染源的空间定位方法和不确定性分析方法.同时较为全面地分析了各类污染源排放清单建立过程中,需要使用的排放因子和排放模型,需要收集的活动水平数据、相关模型参数及其获取途径,可以为研究者和环境管理部门建立排放清单提供指导.     

Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C_a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹; E: Enriched with free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha⁻¹) fertility. Elevated C_a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g_s) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C_a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C_a increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m⁻² y⁻¹ for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C_a increased season-long average dry weight (DW_S; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DW_S by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C_a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop.