大陆溢流玄武岩成矿体系与基韦诺(Keweenaw)型铜矿床

美洲基韦诺裂谷与峨眉山大陆溢流玄武岩是全球仅有的两个具完整成矿体系的暗色岩系。基韦诺裂谷位于三个不同块体的拼接位上 ,周边存在明显的岩石圈结构不连续界面。滇黔边界大规模的自然铜矿化与超大型基韦诺铜矿 (储量 5 0 0 0万吨 )有很大的相似性。年代学与地球化学资料表明成矿往往只与玄武岩喷发结束拖尾阶段的岩浆分异有关。高孔隙度的火山角砾岩、熔结凝灰岩、砾岩与砂岩提供了热液活动和铜沉淀空间。Fe2 + 向Fe3 + 转化和有机质存在为自然铜形成提供了还原条件。地质和地球化学证据均支持同生热液成矿的观点。     

The use of δ18O as an indicator of vanadium movement in a dormant stratovolcano region

The oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) stable water tracer can be a promising new tool for identifying trace metals in volcanoes and their sources. In the present study, the origin of vanadium in water from a spring at the base of Mt. Fuji is examined using δ¹⁸O, a dormant stratovolcano consisting of lava and basalt rock located on the North Pacific Coast of Japan. A comparison of water from the main springs at the foot of the Mt. Fuji volcano indicates that only V, Cr, Mn and Co enrichment could be related to volcanic events, whereas Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb originate from the dissolution of particles of anthropogenic origin from the industrial areas of Fuji and Fujinomiya. The average V concentrations at the mountain sites ranged from 50 to 110 µg L^?1 and from 18 to 47 µg L^?1 in the coastal areas. The δ¹⁸O became depleted at higher elevations and increased in coastal areas as well as in some NO₃^?-contaminated water. Therefore, variations in the dissolved V/δ¹⁸O ratio in springs of the study area occur due to the elevations of their catchments and the increased concentrations of δ¹⁸O from NO₃^? as a contaminant.     

江南造山带东段鄣源枕状玄武岩的年代学与构造属性研究

江南造山带东段鄣源地区广泛发育呈构造岩块产出的镁铁质岩浆岩,包括空间上密切共生的蚀变枕状-块状玄武岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩等。玄武岩地球化学特征上总体富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土和高场强元素(Nb,P,Ti),类似于岛弧环境下岩浆活动的产物。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,枕状玄武岩形成于(832±19)Ma,与伏川蛇绿岩和庐山地区枕状玄武岩形成时代一致。结合区域资料,认为鄣源枕状玄武岩形成于弧后小洋盆环境,与其东侧的伏川蛇绿岩和西侧的庐山地区枕状熔岩同属新元古代中期弧后洋盆的产物。     

西昆仑山东段石炭纪火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景

火山岩岩石化学研究表明 ,西昆仑山东段北缘石炭纪火山岩的SiO2 含量在 42 .98%～ 5 0 .78%之间 ,Na2 O +K2 O在 1.5 2 %～ 5 .85 %之间 ,Na2 O/K2 O为 1.5 3～ 5 .86 ,显示出明显的富钠特征。稀土元素特征为 :ΣREE为 (146 .91～ 472 .14)× 10 -6,LREE/HREE为 1.78～ 2 .5 8,δEu为 1.0 4～ 1.15 ,(La/Yb) N 为 3.45～ 5 .32 ,球粒陨石标准化曲线为右倾的弱铕正异常的轻稀土富集型的平滑曲线。微量元素研究结果 :Nb/Ta比值在 15 .96～ 17.99之间 ,Zr/Hf比值在37.2 2～ 41.42之间 ,相对富集大离子亲石元素 (LIL)和高场强元素 (HFS) ,在微量元素N -MORB配分模式图上 ,呈明显的左侧单“隆起”型 ,即大离子亲石元素 (LIL)呈现峰值。Rb -Sr同位素组成研究结果表明 :样品Rb/Sr比值在 0 .0 0 49～ 0 .1314之间 ,表明岩浆在上升过程中受到了地壳物质的混染。综合分析认为 ,该区火山岩具有板内玄武岩的特征 ,应属产于大陆边缘弧后盆地的钠质碱性玄武岩     

中国雷琼世界地质公园

雷琼世界地质公园在地质学上属于我国南端跨琼州海峡的陆缘裂谷火山带。公园内火山类型之多样,保存之完整,熔岩构造之丰富,熔岩隧道之巨大均为罕见的地质景观,被称为第四纪玄武岩火山天然博物馆。公园是热带海岛火山生态的代表,具有重要的科学意义与审美价值性,在同类地质景观中更具独特性。公园是地质学家研究的热土,地球科学的大课堂。环境教育有长足的进展。     

The biochemical activity of soil contaminated with fungicides

Excess fungicides can pose a serious threat to the soil environment. Fungicides can lower the microbiological and biochemical activity of soil and lead to yield declines. Soils contaminated with fungicides have to be remediated to maintain the optimal function of soil ecosystems. This study evaluates the effect of neutralizing substances on soil enzymatic activity and the yield of Triticum aestivum L. in soil contaminated with fungicides. Sandy loam (Eutric Cambisols) with pH_KCl 7.0 was contaminated with an aqueous solution of Amistar 250 SC and Falcon 460 EC in the following doses: 0 (soil without fungicide – treated as a control), RD (dose recommended by the manufacturer) and 300?×?RD (dose 300-fold higher than the recommended dose). Soil was supplemented with bentonite and basalt meal at a dose of 10?g kg^?1 DM of soil (dry mass of soil). The fungicide dose recommended by the manufacturer did not induce changes in soil enzymatic activity or the yield of T. aestivum L. Our findings indicate that the tested fungicides can be safely applied to protect crops against fungal pathogens. However, when applied at the dose of 300?×?RD, the tested fungicides strongly inhibited soil enzymatic activity and disrupted the growth and development of spring wheat. Soil supplementation with bentonite and basalt meal improved the yield of T. aestivum L., and bentonite was more effective in reducing fungicide stress. The analyzed substances were not highly effective in restoring biochemical homeostasis in soil.     

玄武岩纤维片材和碳纤维片材高温后拉伸性能比较

对未经环氧树脂浸渍以及经环氧树脂充分浸渍的单向玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)片材和碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)片材进行了高温后拉伸性能试验。试验结果表明,常温下和高温后BFRP片材的拉伸强度和拉伸模量均远远小于CFRP片材,但伸长率一般高于CFRP片材;常温下,环氧树脂的存在能够显著提高FRP片材的拉伸强度,但高温处理后,环氧树脂的作用不明显,尤其对于CFRP片材;浸渍环氧树脂的CFRP片材和BFRP片材的拉伸强度随温度的变化规律基本一致,均呈现出先降后升再降的趋势,并在150℃左右时取得最大;浸渍和未浸渍环氧树脂的FRP片材在经历300～400℃高温处理后强度均出现急剧下降;当处理温度大于200℃时,处理时间越长,FRP片材的拉伸强度和拉伸模量下降越多。     

Manufacture and Biodegradation of Wheat Gluten/Basalt Composite Material

Wheat gluten is a naturally occurring protein polymer. It is biodegradable and very inexpensive (less than $1.00/kg). Nonfood applications of wheat gluten have been explored to develop biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. In this work, gluten was reinforced with unidirectional basalt fibers in a compression molding operation. Biodegradation behavior of wheat gluten/basalt composites was examined by putting specimens into soil of prescribed moisture content. Specimens were removed at various time intervals and tested for mass loss and change in mechanical properties. Both mass and mechanical properties show a steady decline over a soil exposure time of 40 days. However, the basalt composite retained mechanical properties longer. At the same time, the bacterial count on the specimen surfaces increased exponentially. Field emission scanning electron microscope images show smooth fracture surfaces, indicating brittle failure of the wheat gluten. However, there are many small holes in the protein matrix with diameter of order 100 nm. These small inclusions may contribute to the brittleness through stress concentration.     

江西会昌周田盆地东侧双峰式火山岩及其构造环境

周田盆地东侧．上、下白垩统过渡层位有一套火山岩系，沿石城－寻乌深断裂带分布。通过火山岩层位和火山旅回、火山岩岩石学、火山构造、岩石化学、微量和稀土元素等系统研究，认为下垩统版石组流纹岩属钙碱性系列，上白垩统茅店组玄武岩为碱性系列，由酸性→基性，中间缺失安山岩类过渡岩系，经岩石标准矿物计算得出，两者来自不同深度岩浆源区的大陆裂谷双峰式火山岩系，与该区相应的次火山岩演化一致。     

中国东部玄武岩地区母岩及土壤元素含量变化规律研究

本文通过对中国东部玄武岩地区14个土壤剖面,70个土壤样品的数据分析,总结了该地区土壤元素含量值的区域差异。与世界土壤相比,该地区土壤中大部分元素含量偏高。元素相互之间存在着较好的相关性,且大部分达到极显著水平。 本文指出在玄武岩上的各类土壤中,由于由此向南风化及成土过程的加强,许多微量元素含量伴随氧化铁富集而增加的规律。还讨论了土壤元素含量的高低及变化规律的影响因素。