Barriers and guidelines for public policies on climate change adaptation: A missed opportunity of scientific knowledge‐brokerage

Progress in formulating and implementing effective adaptation policies is often hampered by a wide variety of barriers that are well documented in the literature. Among the barriers are lack of awareness, certainty, resources and political commitment. Since these and other barriers can be overcome (e.g., by raising awareness, closing knowledge gaps, and increasing resources), numerous decision‐support frameworks (mainly written guidelines) have been developed for this purpose. The present paper takes stock of both the barriers in adaptation policymaking, as documented in the literature, and the guidelines that aim to facilitate public policies on climate change adaptation. It then compares to what degree selected adaptation guidelines serve as knowledge‐brokerage tools that provide guidance on how to overcome the barriers addressed in the scientific literature. The comparison shows that adaptation guidelines address barriers of adaptation policymaking neither comprehensively nor systematically. Since most adaptation guidelines focus on (subjective) experiences with good practices than on empirical research findings, we conclude that they represent a missed opportunity of scientific knowledge‐brokerage in climate change adaptation.     

南极内陆科考站的环境影响评价及减缓措施

南极内陆地区以其特殊的地理位置和特有的生态环境在研究全球变化尤其是气候变化中发挥不可替代的作用.随着越来越多的科考站在南极内陆地区建立,人类活动对南极环境的不利影响的程度和性质正在发生范围的扩散和层次的转移.本研究以中国昆仑站为例,依据不同类型活动的发生概率、范围、持续时间,严重程度的不同,对在南极内陆地区建立科考站所产生的环境影响进行了综合分析,结果表明,科考站的建设和运行对南极内陆环境及其附属的生态系统带来了不可避免的负效应,提出相关减缓措施以期尽可能减缓不良的环境影响,这不仅为日后南极科考活动提供规范化指导,还为南极内陆地区环境污染的控制及管理和可持续发展提供参考.     

关于新乡市建设资源节约型环境友好型城市的思考

建设和实现美丽中国是一个系统工程,要通过建设资源节约型环境友好型城市这一重大举措来实现。根据新乡市高能耗、高物耗、高污染的产业仍占较大比重,粗放型的经济增长方式没有得到根本转变的现实情况,提出了建设资源节约型环境友好型城市应着重解决的几个问题,并提出了相应的对策建议,对于新乡市加快经济结构调整,实现可持续发展和全面建成小康社会的目标具有重要意义。     

Characterisation and Nanomechanical Properties of Ink-Jet Media Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Commercial inkjet media is increasingly used in daily life; this use ranges from offices to digital photography. The impact that the development of this technology has had on the paper industry has been phenomenal. However, an increasing amount of paper is discarded and it is often after the introduction of complex chemical ink within its substrate. The understanding of the interactions between the layer of coated media and ink can be used to further understand and develop technology for the use of recycling office and photo papers. This paper presents the innovative concept in characterizing the surface of the inkjet media by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparisons are made between the data obtained from both atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the receptive layer and surface analysis software that was used to obtain surface characteristics. In this study the hardness and force of interaction has also been examined by the means of nanoindentation measurements using silicon nitride cantilever tips and forces of interaction between a selection of colloid probes and the receptive layer of the inkjet media. The effect of loading force on indentation was studied in terms of approach of impact and type of media tested.     

楠溪江风景区生态旅游的开发与管理

近年,楠溪江风景名胜区在旅游发展过程中出现了自然景观被破坏、环境污染严重、古建筑特色被削弱等问题.我们必须在突出当地特色的情况下,保护好生态资源,制定科学合理的开发规划,加强对生态旅游容量、旅游企业、旅游者等一系列科学的管理,以实现楠溪江风景名胜区的可持续发展.     

生产率和科技创新能力可持续提高实质:人力资源开发

本文将分析中国的人力资源条件对劳动生产率和科技创新能力的制约以及在国际性的人才争夺中所处的被动地位 ,提出发展教育和科技、更新观念和体制 ,是提升综合国力、实现可持续发展的重要途径。     

The Declining Influence of Science On Marine Environmental Policy

Differences between the scientific and environmental policy communities regarding marine environmental protection strategies are discussed in the context of the nature and extent of scientific influence on marine environmental policy. Public perceptions of the nature and severity of marine pollution frequently differ from scientific assessments. the thesis of this paper is that the increasing influence of public perception on marine environmental protection policy is leading to the adoption of simplistic and unnecessarily extreme approaches to marine pollution prevention and to a reduced reliance on science. This trend is illustrated by some recent international developments and some suggestions are made towards enhancing the influence of science on marine protection policy.     

科技期刊中参考文献的作用及规范

参考文献是作者撰写论文或论著时所引用的有关期刊论文和图书资料。参考文献记录了科学的渊源,反映了某一课题的来龙去脉,体现了科学研究的继往开来,也显示了论文的起点、深度和广度。通过引用参考文献,可以将一篇论文与其他论文之间的有机联系告诉读者,便于相关人员开拓视野,交流经验,互通信息,共享成果,正确引用参考文献也是作者对他人劳动的尊重和对知识产权的维护。     

对生物入侵的认识与思考

由于全球化的生产、消费和投资模式迅速地在世界范围内得到强化和发展,世界开始迅速变成一个村落或城市。全球化不仅带来了世界政治和经济格局的变化,而且也改变了生物分布的空间格局,导致生物种群的重新分布,由此而产生的生物入侵已成为各国政府、国际社会和学术界所共同关心的全球变化问题,也是当前最棘手的三大环境问题之一。本文从生物入侵的本质、生物入侵的历史、科学技术、全球化等方面,从哲学和其它角度浅析当今的生物入侵问题,以期对生物入侵有更深的认识。     

科技论文写作中需注意的一些问题

为了作者在科技论文的写作和投稿时能正确、规范地使用人名和科技名词术语,与"全国自然科学名词审定委员会"审定并公布的名词相一致.对在投稿过程中,经常遇到的人名和名词术语等常见问题进行了归类和总结,包括书写、读音.可为科技工作者撰写科技文章提供借鉴.