天然气生产井井喷抢险演练新方法

分析了采气井井喷抢险演练存在的问题,提出了一种天然气生产井井喷抢险演练的新方法,实践效果较好,达到模拟井喷时的现场状况的目的,能够在井控应急预案培训中起到锻炼抢险队伍的作用。     

螺压机在焦化废水处理中污泥脱水的应用

对几种脱水设备的性能进行了分析比较,对一种新型螺旋式污泥脱水机在焦化废水过程中污泥脱水的研究及应用进行了探讨。     

填埋气竖直井收集与渗滤液导排复合系统构造与施工技术

阐述了填埋气竖直井及渗滤液导排复合系统的构造及优势功能,分解了系统主要构造结构,主导排槽、支导排槽、竖直井、冷凝井等施工过程中的技术要点及参数控制,工程实践检验了系统的采气与导排效果,产生了较优的环境效益。     

重庆市应用湖库水水源热泵系统条件分析

通过对重庆市气候条件、湖库水水资源状况以及湖库水水温和水质分析,结果显示:重庆地区采用传统空气源热泵系统已不适宜,而采用水源热泵系统具有较高的节能优势。丰富的湖库水水资源量以及重庆市建筑沿湖库水而建特点,为在重庆市开展湖库水水源热泵系统创造便利条件;湖库水水温和水质基本能满足地表水水源热泵系统的水源要求;湖库水藻类易爆发,因此发展湖库水水源热泵主要解决的水质问题是藻类的堵塞问题。     

滑套式井下安全阀设计及动态特性分析

为防止井喷、保证油气井正常生产,设计了1种滑套式井下安全阀,对其结构、控制方式和工作原理进行了介绍;采用有限元的方法对井下安全阀由开启到关闭的动态过程进行模拟,在滑套阀不同倒角情况下,对滑套阀内部流场特性和所受压力的变化规律进行分析。分析结果表明,在滑套阀关闭过程中流体最大速度达到275 m/s,滑套阀所承受最大压力超过40 MPa;流体速度和滑套阀所受压力都随着滑套阀开度的减小而增大,随滑套阀倒角的增大而减小。此滑套式井下安全阀采用压力脉冲控制方式,液压管线只需要传递压力脉冲信号,杜绝了因管线泄漏而造成的井下安全阀失效。同时,驱动方式改为电机驱动,直接控制滑套式阀门的开合,反应迅速,提高了安全性和可靠性,具有较好的实用价值。     

气井环空带压临界控制值研究

为了保证环空带压气井生产阶段的井筒完整性,确定气井环空压力安全运行范围,建立了基于API RP 90-2推荐做法的环空带压安全评价方法,重点研究了气井环空带压临界控制值计算方法,提出了1套方便现场应用的环空压力管控图版,针对某环空带压气井进行了现场应用研究。研究表明:API RP 90是针对海上油气井环空带压安全评价的推荐做法,在API RP 90-2推荐做法发布以后已不再继续适用于陆上油气井;基于API RP 90-2的推荐做法考虑因素更为全面,推荐在陆上油气井使用;环空带压临界控制值不再是1个固定值,而是随服役时间增长以及相邻和自身环空压力变化等因素不断变化的值。     

大口径水井沉井施工及井水浑浊度处理方法探讨

大口径水井的设计、施工要求高，运用反循环工艺方法沉井施工速度快、效果好。在特殊地层需要设计安装过滤层，对过滤材料的选择、使用要严格把关，确保水的浑浊度达到规范要求。经过实践摸索，只要设计合理、施工技术方法得当、措施得力，能够达到国家标准。     

基于层次分析法的钻井井塌卡钻事故分析研究

研究分析了钻井井塌卡钻事故的成因机理及其危害性,运用因果图分析法从影响井塌卡钻的地质因素、工艺因素、人为因素及管理因素等方面进行了定性系统分析。在此基础上结合层次分析法的数学理论,建立井塌卡钻事故模型,对井塌卡钻事故的致因因素权重进行计算确定,并进行一致性检验,判断计算结果的科学性,对所有致因因素权重进行排序比较,从而最终确定井塌卡钻的关键因素,分梯次进行预防,为现场施工和管理提供科学的决策依据．     

Numerical and experimental research on multi-stage pump as turbine system

Recently, researches on pump as turbine (PAT) have been one of the hot issues in fluid machineries. Of these hydraulic turbines, multi-stage PATs are widely used in industrial fields. However, most attentions have been paid on performance of the single-stage PATs and the turbines themselves. In this paper, a potential multi-stage PAT system with load pump was investigated numerically and experimentally. The match relations between PAT and load pump were explored by theory, and an analytical method to predict performance of PAT system was proposed in addition. Computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) was adopted to study the performance characteristics of PAT under a constant rotation or certain head. The operational rules of multi-stage PAT system were analyzed in both constant and variable speed that confirmed the prediction of system performance. The results could give guidance to choose a proper load pump and promote efficiency of PAT system.     

An Exergy Aware Optimization and Control Algorithm for Sustainable Buildings

Abstract

Heating and air-conditioning systems have very low exergetic efficiency as they dissipate primary energy resources at low temperatures usually between 90 and 60°C. This compounds the problem that buildings spend approximately 30% of all the energy consumed in the U.S. for heating and air-conditioning. The overall result is a large entropy production and long-term environmental degradation that can be resolved only by substituting primary energy resources by low-temperature, waste, or alternative energy resources, usually available below 50°C. For such a replacement to be feasible the environmental cost of exergy production must be factored into calculations and compatible HVAC systems must be developed without any need for temperature peaking or equipment oversizing. This article addresses environmental and often-conflicting problems associated with exergy production by HVAC systems and presents an analytical optimization and control algorithm. Results indicate that when a careful design optimization is accompanied by a dynamic control of the split between radiant and convective means of satisfying thermal HVAC loads, exergy efficient sustainable buildings may be cost effective and environmentally benign.