四川省农业生产环境压力分析

研究主要采用产排污系数法,分析了2012年四川省农业投入品使用量及残留量,以及主要农业残留物产量,以咨环境管理参考。结果发现,四川全省化肥施用强度、农药使用强度和农用塑料薄膜残留量较大,化肥施用强度超标;年末作物秸秆产量3504.2万吨,焚烧(焚烧比20%)排放的细颗粒物质和总悬浮颗粒物超过4.0万吨;主要粪便污染物是COD与总氮,粪肥年施氮量及总磷均超过还田限值。农业稳定增产条件下,农业环境压力将持续增加。     

静电放电参数随电极移动速度和空气压强变化的特性分析

在小间隙静电放电(ESD)中,电极移动速度和气体压强会对测量放电参数出现的低重复离散特性产生影响。基于自主研发的新型测试系统,完成气体压强变化和向放电靶移动电极放电相关参数的测量。静电放电模拟器移动距离控制范围在10cm-40cm。在间隙气体压强变化和放电枪以不同速度向靶移动放电的两种情况下,放电电流峰值和波形产生了显著的差异,证明了电极移动速度和空气压强都对放电参数产生显著影响。本文对放电参数受电极移动速度和气体压强变化而出现显著差异的可能机制进行了初步分析。     

惰性气体抑制瓦斯爆燃火焰传播特性实验研究*

为研究惰性气体抑制瓦斯爆燃火焰传播特性,在自行搭建的中尺度爆炸激波管道上,采用数据采集系统、压电式传感器、火焰传感器、同步控制系统和激光纹影测试系统,通过对比4种不同喷射压力（0.5,1.5,2.5,3.5 MPa）的实验工况,选用N2做为惰性介质时抑制火焰的传播特性与喷射压力密切相关,火焰传播速度随着喷射压力增加呈现先增加后减弱的趋势。研究结果表明:少量N2在管道中扩散,加剧了未反应预混气体的扰动状态,造成火焰阵面褶皱的卷吸能力增强,进而加速化学反应进程,促进预混气体燃烧;喷射压力为1.5 MPa时,火焰阵面拉升、变形最强,火焰传播速度提高,最高可达到250 m/s;喷射压力为3.5 MPa时,火焰阵面出现明显三维凹陷结构,运动发生明显滞后现象,火焰传播速度大幅度降低至5.4 m/s,惰性气体抑制火焰传播效果明显。     

管道内天然气爆炸火焰及压力波传播规律实验研究

天燃气安全不仅仅局限在企业内部,而是面向全社会,关系到社会稳定和市民生命财产安全。随着天然气市场开拓和广泛利用,庞大的管网系统和多样的用气环境给安全工作提出了更高的要求。采用理论分析、实验研究相结合的方法研究了管道内天然气爆炸火焰及压力波的传播规律。应用直径为700mm,长度为93m的管道进行了三次天然气爆炸传播实验。得出爆源点最大压力值并不是整个爆炸过程的最大值;压力波最大压力值在爆源点附近先降低,然后上升到某一峰值之后再逐渐衰减;最大压力值在衰减过程中不是单调衰减,有点起伏;随着天然气浓度的增大,其爆炸平均升压速率反而减小;随着天然气浓度的增大,其爆炸平均升压速率反而在减小;爆源附近火焰传播速度较小,上升到某一峰值后逐渐衰减。     

烟气循环流化床（CFB-FGD）干法脱硫优化调整

本文分析了烟气循环流化床工艺的运行调节原理,针对电厂自身的特点,对吸收塔进出口烟温差及床层压降参数进行调整,提高了烟气循环流化床系统运行的经济性.最后根据此实践提出了系统运行中优化调整的可行性.     

Experimental investigation of gas explosion in single vessel and connected vessels

Gas explosion in connected vessels usually leads to high pressure and high rate of pressure increase which the vessels and pipes can not tolerate. Severe human casualties and property losses may occur due to the variation characteristics of gas explosion pressure in connected vessels. To determine gas explosion strength, an experimental testing system for methane and air mixture explosion in a single vessel, in a single vessel connected a pipe and in connected vessels has been set up. The experiment apparatus consisted of two spherical vessels of 350 mm and 600 mm in diameter, three connecting pipes of 89 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. First, the results of gas explosion pressure in a single vessel and connected vessels were compared and analyzed. And then the development of gas explosion, its changing characteristics and relevant influencing factors were analyzed. When gas explosion occurs in a single vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and pressure growth rate with ignition at the center of a spherical vessel are higher than those with ignition on the inner-wall of the vessel. In conclusion, besides ignition source on the inner wall, the ignition source at the center of the vessels must be avoided to reduce the damage level. When the gas mixture is ignited in the large vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and explosion pressure rising rate in the small vessel raise. And the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate in connected vessels are higher than those in the single containment vessel. So whenever possible, some isolation techniques, such as fast-acting valves, rotary valves, etc., might be applied to reduce explosion strength in the integrated system. However, when the gas mixture is ignited in the small vessel, the maximum explosion pressures in the large vessel and in the small vessel both decrease. Moreover, the explosion pressure is lower than that in the single vessel. When gas explosion happens in a single vessel connected to a pipe, the maximum explosion pressure occurs at the end of the pipe if the gas mixture is ignited in the spherical vessel. Therefore, installing a pipe into the system can reduce the maximum explosion pressure, but it also causes the explosion pressure growth rate to increase.     

Methods for more accurate determination of explosion severity parameters

Accurate determination of explosion severity parameters (p_max, (dp/dt)_max, and K_St) is essential for dust explosion assessment, identification of mitigation strategy, and design of mitigation measure of proper capacity. The explosion severity parameters are determined according to standard methodology however variety of dust handled and operation circumstances may create practical challenge on the optimal test method and subsequent data interpretation. Two methods are presented: a statistical method, which considers all test results in determination of explosion severity parameters and a method that corrects the results for differences of turbulence intensity. The statistical method also calculates experimental error (uncertainty) that characterises the experimental spread, allows comparison to other dust samples and may define quality determination threshold. The correction method allows to reduce discrepancies between results from 1 m³ vessel and 20-l sphere caused by difference in the turbulence intensity level. Additionally new experimental test method for difficult to inject samples together with its analysis is described. Such method is a versatile tool for explosion interpretation in test cases where different dispersion nozzle is used (various turbulence level in the test chamber) because of either specific test requirements or being “difficult dust sample”.     

瓦斯压力测定时间及其受控因素分析

提前掌握瓦斯压力测定所需时间,对准确高效地测定煤层瓦斯压力非常重要。以被动式岩巷测压为例,在初步分析测压钻孔周围煤体初始瓦斯压力分布规律、游离瓦斯与吸附瓦斯的关系、瓦斯流量衰减规律及瓦斯流场平衡条件的基础上,从理论上推导出瓦斯压力测定时间计算公式。将该公式与现场瓦斯压力测定监测数据进行对比分析,并研究瓦斯压力测定时间的影响因素。结果表明,理论分析结果与现场瓦斯压力测定情况基本一致,测压时间的误差仅为6%;改变测压钻孔初始气体压力(主动式测压)是唯一有实用价值的方法。     

Effects of Diabetic Neuropathy on Body Sway and Slip Perturbation Detection in Older Population

Postural control is a common mechanism to compensate for unexpected displacements of the body. In the older population, a slip or fall due to a failure of postural control is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability of postural control decreases with aging or neuropathy. In this study, 2 groups, diabetics and non-diabetics in the older population, were compared to determine how patterns of postural sway during quiet standing were related to the detection of perturbation. The SLIP-FALLS system was applied to the measurement of sway and detection of perturbation. In phase 1 of the development of the predictive model, neural network algorithms were applied to find determinant variables for perturbation detection. In phase 2, a fuzzy logic inference system was developed to investigate the relationship between sway and perturbation detection. Results of this study may be applied to the design of floor mats or shoe insoles for preventing fatigue in workplaces.     

安徽洪镇2M_1型多硅白云母的发现及其意义

1地质背景及采样安徽洪镇位于大别山一张八岭高压变质带南界约30km，车臣安庆25km，处于扬子板块前陆地带［v图1）。区内由南东往北西分布中无古界董岭群到中下三叠统青龙群，构造线方向呈北东一南西向。董岭群南侧分布有近精山圆形的洪镇混合花岗岩［’：。区内地层普通变质，但董岭群以上层位均保留有原岩部分特征及化石民本文所发现的ZM；型多硅白云母等分别来自变质砂岩（D。、S。，样号l、2），千枚岩（Z，样号4、5），白云母石英片岩（Pt。，样号6、7）以及大理岩（o；，样号3）中。2ZM；型多硅白云母的鉴定样品中多硅白云母通…