Evaluation of the fish short term reproduction assay for detecting endocrine disrupters

In a fish testing strategy, positive results of the fish short term reproduction assay (FSTR), often trigger a definitive test like the fish sexual development test (FSDT) or the fish full life cycle test (FFLC), entailing ethical and economic problems. This study analysed 137 studies encompassing 35 chemicals with different modes of actions (MOAs). Variability is quantified for MOA endpoints vitellogenin (VTG) and secondary sex characteristics (SSCs) as well as for apical endpoints. Two MOA endpoints could indicate estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, androgenic, anti-androgenic and steroidogenesis activities. Great variability, however, has been observed for chemicals with anti-androgenic and steroidogenesis activities, suggesting that TG229/230 may not be sensitive enough to detect these types of chemicals and may produce false negatives. Changes in apical endpoints like fecundity are not limited to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Non-EDCs could induce the similar effects on these apical endpoints. If elucidating MOA is needed, targeted in vitro MOA tests are suggested. Positive in vitro MOA results trigger a definitive test, which could be used for confirmation of the MOA in vivo and for deriving a no observed effect concentration (NOEC). Based on positive MOA results of TG229, a definitive test such as the FSDT or the FFLC is still needed, because the current TG229 has limitation on the derivation of a NOEC. An extended TG229 with more power to detect reproduction effects, as recently proposed in the OECD test guideline program, would improve the possibility to derive a NOEC and increase its usefulness in risk assessment.     

改性二次锶渣吸附去除废水中的磷

以改性二次锶渣为吸附剂,研究了吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、磷初始浓度和pH值对废水中磷去除效果的影响。结果表明,当总磷浓度为10mg／L,pH为7、二次锶渣投加量为15g／L时,90min内就可使废水中磷的去除率达到95％以上,总磷浓度低于污水综合排放标准的一级标准;改性二次锶渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型及准二级动力学模型。     

混凝对二级出水中有机物分布特性的影响

以城市污水处理厂二级出水为研究对象,通过烧杯实验,确定了以三氯化铁(FeCl3)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂时两种混凝剂的最佳投加量,在此基础上采用XAD树脂分离技术和超滤膜法对水中溶解性有机物(DOM)进行分级表征,研究了混凝前后水中DOM的亲疏水特性、分子量分布规律以及比紫外吸收值(SUVA)和E4/E6(A465nm/A665nm)的变化.结果表明,当FeCl3和PAC投加量分别达到30 mg/L和60 mg/L时,可以使出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)中的一级A标准;FeCl3对含碳碳不饱和双键及芳香环的有机物的去除效果优于PAC;FeCl3对小分子有机物的去除效率更高,而PAC对分子量＞100 000的大分子有机物的去除效果优于FeC13;混凝处理对疏水性有机物的去除效果优于对亲水性有机物的去除效果,同时其对酸性物质的去除效率高于对非酸性物质的去除效率.     

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of a novel biocontrol agent Bacillus atrophaeus JZB120050

Abstract

Bacillus spp. have long been used as biocontrol agents because of their efficient broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. We identified a novel strain of Bacillus atrophaeus, named JZB120050, from soil. B. atrophaeus JZB120050 had a strong inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea and many other phytopathogens. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that B. atrophaeus JZB120050 produced many secondary metabolites, such as alkanes, alkenes and acids; some of which were related to pathogen inhibition. Enzyme activity analysis showed that B. atrophaeus JZB120050 secreted cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including chitinase, glucanase and protease, which degraded fungal cell walls. Both the novel glucanase gene bglu and chitinase gene chit1 were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and the products showed strong enzyme activity. In addition, B. atrophaeus JZB120050 secreted siderophores and formed a significant biofilm. Future studies should focus on these antimicrobial factors to facilitate widespread application in the field of agricultural biocontrol.     

Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit irnpactor （MOUDI） in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng （1269 m asl）, followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non- dust-storm periods, the average PM1.8 concentration was 41.8 μg·m^-3, contributing to 55% of the PM10. Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM1.8. Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of （NH4）2SO4 in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods.     

飞行时间二次离子质谱法在一次污染过程中PM2.5表面组分分析中的应用

团簇离子源的发明和使用,使飞行时间二次离子质谱(TOF-SIMS)法成为材料表面化学分析越来越重要的手段,TOF-SIMS法的主要测试功能包括表层质谱、化学成像及深度剖析3种。采用TOF-SIMS法对一次污染过程中的大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)的表层进行检测,得到了PM_2.5表面成分的质谱及成像信息。结果表明:PM_2.5表层存在多种金属离子,通过扫描电子显微镜能谱仪的形貌与飞行时间二次离子质谱仪的成像亮度分析可知,K⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺响应强度相对较强,含量较高;通过原子吸收光谱仪进行金属离子定量可知,2018年11月4日和12月24日的K⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺的平均质量分别为1.809 5、0.443 8、1.526 2 mg;从形态分布上看,PM_2.5表面烟尘集合体含量较多,其次为燃煤飞灰、矿物颗粒和超细未知颗粒;PM_2.5表层的有机物离子C     

巷道内粉尘二次飞扬规律的数值模拟研究

针对巷道中沉积粉尘二次飞扬的现象,利用数值模拟的方法对粉尘二次飞扬进行了研究,分析了巷道内粉尘二次飞扬的极限风速与扬尘粒径之间的关系,从而为矿井通风除尘提供一定参考依据,给矿井工人创造良好的工作环境。     

无负压供水模式下管网水力模拟与安全评价分析

近些年,无负压供水设备作为新型供水模式,在城市二次供水管网中广泛使用.本研究针对无负压供水对整个管网的影响并不明确的现状,分析了无负压供水模式对管网供水安全的影响,利用管网水力学模型,提出了一种无负压供水状态下的管网水力学模拟方法,应用该方法建立了一种用以确定管网可承受安装无负压供水设备的最大节点数的方法,将此方法应用于两个算例管网,其结果表明算例管网中分别有67%、89%的节点不适合安装无负压供水设备.该方法简单实用,推荐在管网设计与规划中使用,以提高管网供水安全性.     

烧结机尾新型电改袋除尘器结构研究

针对传统电改袋除尘器内部烟气分布不均匀,无法实现在除尘器运行中更换滤袋等问题,提出一种新型电改袋除尘器,并利用CFX软件对其流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:与传统电改袋除尘器相比,新型电改袋除尘器各袋室处理烟气量基本相同,滤袋底部区域气流速度分布均匀,偏流程度小,可有效地防止滤袋磨损和二次扬尘。     

滇南蒙自地区降水稳定同位素特征及其水汽来源

大气降水中δD、δ~(18)O值具有规律性变化特征,与诸多气象要素及水汽来源之间存在密切联系.根据2009年1月至2011年12月对滇南蒙自地区大气降水的连续性采样,结合欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)以及美国国家环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)的再分析资料,并利用HYSPLIT_4.8后向轨迹追踪模型,分析了天气尺度下蒙自地区大气降水中δD、δ~(18)O的变化特征,探究了降水稳定同位素与温度、降水量、风速及水汽来源之间的关系.结果表明,蒙自地区降水中δD、δ~(18)O值表现出明显的季节变化,即干季偏高,湿季偏低;降水中δ~(18)O与温度、降水量之间存在显著负相关,但与不同气压层(300、500、700、800 h Pa)风速之间呈现出显著正相关,表明风速也是影响降水中δ~(18)O变化的一个重要因素;随着降雨等级的增加,其大气水线的斜率与截距也增大,说明降水稳定同位素存在一定程度的云底二次蒸发效应;水汽输送轨迹显示,干季降水的水汽主要来自于西风带输送及局地再蒸发水汽,而湿季降水的水汽主要来源于远源海洋水汽的输送,并且在受台风影响期间,降水中δD、δ~(18)O值更加偏负.