持久性有机污染物(POPs)的环境问题与研究进展

对持久性有机污染物(persistentorganicpollutants:POPs)的定义、来源和特征进行了介绍。阐述了POPs对环境安全性构成威胁的原因。分析了持久性有机污染物,特别是12类优先控制的"dirtydozen"的环境污染状况,并分析了这些物质在全球大气、水体和土壤中存在的量和来源。这些物质在不同生物体内的浓度存在差异,反映出它们在食物链上的生物累积和放大,也加剧了对环境和人体的毒害作用。总结回顾了有关POPs的相关基础研究,并对将来继续深入研究和对环境监测的指导意义进行了展望。     

Conservation of biodiversity through taxonomy,data publication,and collaborative infrastructures

Taxonomy is the foundation of biodiversity science because it furthers discovery of new species. Globally, there have never been so many people involved in naming species new to science. The number of new marine species described per decade has never been greater. Nevertheless, it is estimated that tens of thousands of marine species, and hundreds of thousands of terrestrial species, are yet to be discovered; many of which may already be in specimen collections. However, naming species is only a first step in documenting knowledge about their biology, biogeography, and ecology. Considering the threats to biodiversity, new knowledge of existing species and discovery of undescribed species and their subsequent study are urgently required. To accelerate this research, we recommend, and cite examples of, more and better communication: use of collaborative online databases; easier access to knowledge and specimens; production of taxonomic revisions and species identification guides; engagement of nonspecialists; and international collaboration. “Data‐sharing” should be abandoned in favor of mandated data publication by the conservation science community. Such a step requires support from peer reviewers, editors, journals, and conservation organizations. Online data publication infrastructures (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Ocean Biogeographic Information System) illustrate gaps in biodiversity sampling and may provide common ground for long‐term international collaboration between scientists and conservation organizations.     

Effects of the 2008 flood on economic performance and food security in Yemen: a simulation analysis

Extreme weather events such as floods and droughts can have devastating consequences for individual well being and economic development, in particular in poor societies with limited availability of coping mechanisms. Combining a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Yemeni economy with a household‐level calorie consumption simulation model, this paper assesses the economy‐wide, agricultural and food security effects of the 2008 tropical storm and flash flood that hit the Hadramout and Al‐Mahrah governorates. The estimation results suggest that agricultural value added, farm household incomes and rural food security deteriorated long term in the flood‐affected areas. Due to economic spillover effects, significant income losses and increases in food insecurity also occurred in areas that were unaffected by flooding. This finding suggests that while most relief efforts are typically concentrated in directly affected areas, future efforts should also consider surrounding areas and indirectly affected people.     

Modeling rural landowners' hunter access policies in East Texas,USA

Private landowners in East Texas, USA, were aggregated into one of four policy categories according to the degree of access allowed to their lands for hunting. Based on these categories, a logistic regression model of possible determinants of access policy was developed and probabilities of policy adoption were calculated. Overwhelmingly, attitudes toward hunting as a sport, incentives, and control over the actions of hunters were most predictive of landowners' policies. Additionally, the availability of deer was found to be negatively correlated with access, thereby suggesting management efforts to increase deer populations may be counter to increasing access. Further, probabilities derived from the model indicated that there was almost a 7 in 10 chance (0.66) that landowners would adopt policies commensurate with allowing family and personal acquaintances to hunt on their property. However, the probability of increasing access beyond this level, where access was provided for the general public, dropped off drastically to less than 5% (0.04).     

三峡库区环境安全保护法律实施机制探讨

继长江截流之后，三峡库区首期蓄水，举世瞩目的三峡工程正在兴建。结合充分的社会调查和区域经济、环境管理等相关理论，详细论述了三峡库区环境安全保护现行法律及其实施机制，深入剖析了现行实施机制包括法的遵守、法的执行、法的适用和法律监督等方面的弊端，提出了完善库区环境安全法律实施机制的建议：给守法主体提供环保教育和技术援助，完善公众参与机制，积极获取公众支持，以完善库区法的遵守；建立科学、高效、统一的库区环境安全管理体制，明确三峡库区各行政执法机关的职责，建立行政执法公示制，健全执法主体的服务机制，建立绿色信息网等以完善库区法的执行；推广环境群体诉讼，扩大环境诉讼被诉对象，改革环境诉讼费用预付方式等以完善库区法的适用。     

校园网络安全浅析

本文就校园网络安全防范问题展开说明,同时对一些具体的校园网络安全问题提出解决方案.并对校园网的信息安全谈一点自己的看法.     

浅析室内环境安全问题及防治

人类进入新世纪,开始越来越认识到环境对我们的重要性,尤其对与我们朝夕相处的室内环境污染与安全问题.文章从环境安全的概念以及环境安全的重要性出发,提出了现在正被中国政府、社会和人们陪受关注的与人类健康和生命安全息息相关的室内环境安全问题,并从室内空气污染、噪声污染、电磁辐射污染、水污染、光污染、固本废物污染、房屋设计、选址等多方面多角度综述了室内环境污染问题及对人体产生的危害,并提出了相应的防治措施.     

抚顺市固体废物安全处置方案探讨

采用申报登记和系数核定的方法。对固体废物产生、利用、处置、排放等情况进行全面调查。在综合分析的基础上，依据国家固体废物管理相关规定，确定工业固体废物、生活垃圾、危险废物处理存在的差距和主要环境问题，分析固体废物对环境安全构成威胁的事故隐患，提出固体废物资源化、减量化、无害化和环境安全建设方案。     

秦皇岛水安全现状分析及对策研究

随着全球经济的飞速发展,全球生态环境安全已经成为人们日常关切的问题,在这样的前提下,水安全已成为生态安全方面一个重要的核心问题.从秦皇岛市水安全现状出发,探讨了影响秦皇岛市水安全的主要因素,并指出了由水安全问题引发的其他问题,分析了可以解决秦皇岛市水安全问题的解决对策.     

论欧盟的环境外交政策

欧盟在一体化过程中对环境问题给予了高度关注,环境外交已成为其共同安全和外交政策的重要组成部分.在开展全球性、区域性环境外交的同时,欧盟还与发展中国家进行了有效的环境合作,并与工业发达国家进行环境对话,从而在国际范围内拓展了其环境政策的影响.