Determinants of privatized solid waste management service provision in Lagos

The growing popularity of privatized solid waste management service in least developed countries warrants an exploration of factors that are likely to impact on its sustainability. This study takes integrated solid waste management approach by analyzing relevant issues on both market sides. We use a three step theme development sequence to analyze the data obtained on service providers through library research, observations and interviews. This was followed by an opinion survey on the demand side to elicit households’ support for service improvement. Findings show that source-separation issues, government enforcement, market segmentation, financial issues and waste disposal issues are key factors influencing improved service provision. Meanwhile, on the demand side, we found that households are willing to support proposed regulatory improvement in service provision. Thus, we suggest industrial stakeholders to consider the aforementioned supply side issues in designing future service improvements that will take advantage of existing demand side feasibility.     

A Short Survey Instrument to Segment Populations According to Their Attitudes Toward Science. Scale Development,Optimization and Assessment

ABSTRACT

Surveys play a key role in researching public perceptions of and attitudes toward science. Accordingly, there is a breadth of often-used survey instruments available which have also been adopted for segmentation analyses. Even though many of these segmentation solutions are similar in their aims, they often include a large numbers of variables, making it more difficult for other researchers to build on these solutions, as survey time is scarce. Therefore, we demonstrate how a large number of variables that were used for a comprehensive segmentation analysis can be reduced considerably without losing too much information. We develop and test a short survey instrument to segment populations according to their attitudes toward science. Results show that segmentation results can be replicated with over 90% accuracy by reducing the instrument from 20 to 10 variables. This reduction does not significantly affect the predictive power of segment attribution on three dependent variables, which suggests that many segmentation analyses could be similarly optimized, helping researchers save survey time and standardize segmentation analyses more.     

基于表面采样-图像分割技术对西藏农牧区垃圾组成的快速监测

针对西藏农牧区地域广阔、居民点分散的特点,提出一种基于表面采样-图像分割技术的快速监测方法,即在采集照片后,利用Auto CAD软件测算图像中不同类别垃圾体所占的面积,将其作为垃圾体组成比例的二维指标进行统计,研究垃圾的组成情况,并根据可降解性、材质、来源用途三种分类方法进行分类,最后得到样点垃圾组成的基本信息。     

三峡水库上游河流入库面源污染负荷研究

借鉴水文分割法的原理,在基流分割的基础上,建立了面源污染负荷估算公式. 基于相关性分析、回归分析,提出了污染类型判定和数据补插原则. 以2004和2005年的水文水质数据为基础,将该方法应用于三峡库区上游河流入库面源污染负荷研究, 并采用相关系数法作为对比,对该方法在应用中可能导致的结构性偏差予以探讨. 结果表明,2004年嘉陵江、长江干流、乌江三江入库COD_Mn,总氮和总磷的污染负荷(以包含溶解态和颗粒态成分的总物质通量表示)分别为168.96×104,70.30×104和10.95×104 t;2005年分别为228.24×104,66.64×104和14.24×104 t;在总量组成中,面源是三江入库污染物的主要来源,占总入库负荷的60%～80%;在空间分布上,长江干流对入库面源污染负荷的贡献占绝对优势,嘉陵江、乌江的面源污染总贡献率仅占13.4%～39.4%;在营养物负荷组成方面,氮对水体的影响以溶解态氮作用为主,磷对水体的影响以颗粒态磷作用为主. 水文分割法的改进值得进一步关注,但在尚未出现十分科学、合理的改进算法时,该方法仍不失为面源负荷研究的有效方法.      

Integrating Social Marketing into Sustainable Resource Management at Padre Island National Seashore: An Attitude-Based Segmentation Approach

High demand for outdoor recreation and increasing diversity in outdoor recreation participants have imposed a great challenge on the National Park Service (NPS), which is tasked with the mission to provide open access for quality outdoor recreation and maintain the ecological integrity of the park system. In addition to management practices of education and restrictions, building a sense of natural resource stewardship among visitors may also facilitate the NPS ability to react to this challenge. The purpose of our study is to suggest a segmentation approach that is built on the social marketing framework and aimed at influencing visitor behaviors to support conservation. Attitude toward natural resource management, an indicator of natural resource stewardship, is used as the basis for segmenting park visitors. This segmentation approach is examined based on a survey of 987 visitors to the Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS) in Texas in 2003. Results of the K-means cluster analysis identify three visitor segments: Conservation-Oriented, Development-Oriented, and Status Quo visitors. This segmentation solution is verified using respondents’ socio-demographic backgrounds, use patterns, experience preferences, and attitudes toward a proposed regulation. Suggestions are provided to better target the three visitor segments and facilitate a sense of natural resource stewardship among them.     

1999年9月21日台湾7.6级大震预报讨论

介绍了用三性法（周期性,公度性,黄金分割性）对１９９９年９月２１日台湾７．６级大震的三要素预报,并用构造分段公式,“静中动判据”补充作了讨论。鉴于短监预报的重要,我们还用样暴倍九律,即预滑－磁暴－天气韵律模式对９．２１大震的发震日期的预报作了讨论。     

游客市场细分研究

了解游客需求是旅游产品规划、开发和市场营销的前提,把握客源市场的一个重要途径是进行市场细分。旅游企业针对不同的细分市场,采用不同的营销手段,提供相应的产品和服务,才能使游客拥有更好的旅游经历。根据四川省旅游游客的需求进行市场细分,采用聚类分析方法将游客市场分为6类:康乐型游客、享乐型游客、规矩型游客、消极型游客、商务型游客和求知型游客。在此基础上,分析了6类游客的人口特征及其市场营销的意义。     

人力资本投资软环境研究:基于社会保障制度和劳动力市场分割的视角

社会保障制度和人力资本投资的关系是近年来劳动经济学中新出现的一个课题,相关研究尚不多见。以我国养老保险的“统帐结合”模式为例,分析了社会保障对人力资本投资的影响,同时结合我国劳动力市场现状,对劳动力市场分割状态下“统帐结合”模式与人力资本投资的关系进行了分析。结果表明,增加“统帐结合”模式中个人账户的比例,将激励个人进行较多的人力资本投资,但劳动力市场分割的存在削弱了这种激励作用。因此,建议：适当增加“统帐结合”模式中个人承担的比例;建立覆盖全国的社会保障体系;加快劳动力市场建设。逐步消除劳动力市场分割状态,促进全国统一的、自由竞争的劳动力市场的形成。     

Source attribution matters: Mediation and moderation effects in the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction

On the basis of the source attribution perspective of work–family conflict, this study aims to first test whether threat to the family role mediates the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. We then examine boundary conditions of the source attribution perspective by drawing on boundary management and gender role orientation theories to examine whether role segmentation enactment and gender role orientation moderate the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. Using a scenario‐based experiment in Study 1, we find that threat to the family role mediates the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. This finding provides evidence supporting the appraisal process proposed by the perspective of source attribution. Using survey data collected from 216 Chinese managers and their spouses in Study 2, we find that work‐to‐family conflict has a negative relationship with job satisfaction only among people with high levels of role segmentation between work and home. In addition, for male managers, the negative moderating effect of role segmentation enactment on the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction is stronger for those with a nontraditional gender role orientation, compared with those with a traditional gender role orientation. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

镉、铬复合污染水源水的处理技术研究

重金属引起的给水污染是威胁人体健康的元凶首恶之一,也为传统给水处理工艺提出更大的挑战.本文以强化混凝沉淀的方法处理铬、镉复合污染的水源水,旨在通过优化原工艺应对突发污染.研究表明,针对铬和镉的初始污染浓度分别为0.170 0 mg/L和0.030 0 mg/L的复合污染水源水,采用分段工艺,只需在原水的pH值的条件下,投加混凝剂(FeCl3)20.0 mg/L,混凝剂(PAFC)的投加量为2mg/L,出水即可以达到国家出水标准.处理过程模拟水厂现有工艺,无需新增设备,易于操作.