震灾经济损失评估的遗传神经网络模型

地震灾害造成的直接经济损失与很多因素有关:致灾因子强度,主要包括地震震级、发震时间及地点、震源深度和地震动输入参数等;受灾体密度,主要包括衡量城市经济和社会发展水平的人口密度、城市密度、建筑物密度和财产密度等;城市抵抗地震灾害的能力.这里选取震级、地震动输入参数、人均国内生产总值GDP、受灾面积和灾区人口密度作为网络的输入节点,用直接经济损失率作为网络的输出节点,建立了基于遗传神经网络的震灾经济损失评估模型,对地震灾害所造成的经济损失进行评估,实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于GIS的2.5维场地地震液化势概率评价

用具有概率意义的饱和砂土抗液化强度经验公式对2.5维工程场地进行了地震液化势概率评价,通过Kriging法对目标场地区域进行空间插值,可以对大区域工程场地的液化深度和液化范围进行分析评价;采用不规则三角网表面和四面体综合法共同描述地质体模型,在GIS的3维分析模块支持下建立了液化势可视化模型。研究表明:Kriging法通过已勘测点的土层地震液化势来估计未勘测点的土层地震液化势,能够较好地区划出场地地震液化势的空间分布特征,并对待估点进行预测;利用GIS的3维分析模块,实现2.5维场地地震液化势可视化模型的建立是一条有效的技术路线。     

结构抗震分析中的计算机仿真技术

结合已有的研究成果和应用实例,介绍了计算机仿真技术在结构抗震设计、既有结构抗震性能评估、极端外部作用下结构反应分析、区域抗震规划与评估等领域的应用现状及最新进展。强调了能够解决不连续、大变形问题的数值分析方法在这一领域的意义。指出建立或完善构件层次的滞回本构模型和多参数破坏准则,研究结构解体前后的阻尼机制,探讨数据库技术在仿真系统中的应用,发展新型结构体系的分析模型以及具有初始损伤结构的地震反应分析方法,引入并行计算技术等对推动计算机仿真技术在结构抗震分析中的应用具有重要的意义。另外,仿真分析方法必须经工程实例或结构试验验证。     

华南寒潮气候特征研究

本文利用华南地区４８站逐日气温资料，分析寒潮气候特征．经分析发现：华南寒潮频数由北向南减少，内陆多于沿海。寒潮过程年代际变化有逐渐减少的趋势。华南寒潮平均过程降温居全国之首，８０％以上集中在１０．０～１９．０℃降温幅度内。     

河道型水库滑坡涌浪漫坝特性*

为探究山区河道型水库中,滑坡涌浪产生的冲击波对重力坝漫坝的影响,运用三维物理模型试验方法,探究近坝库区滑坡涌浪冲击波到达坝前时,坝前首浪最大振幅与涌浪漫坝体积的关系。结果显示,坝前首浪振幅沿坝体两岸向中间减小,坝段中心容易出现最小值;漫坝体积随首浪振幅的增加而增大。研究结果表明:坝前首浪最大振幅与涌浪漫坝体积两者呈正相关关系,漫坝体积受滑坡体角度与滑坡体积影响显著,进而构建漫坝体积计算方法。研究结果能够为大坝安全评估提供一定参考依据。     

超声波、Fenton试剂与絮凝联用进一步处理焦化废水的实验研究

焦化废水是一种较难处理的工业废水,目前采用的生化方法很难使COD达到国家规定的排放标准.对超声、Fenton与絮凝联合应用处理生化后的焦化废水进行了实验研究,并探讨了三者联合应用的最佳组合反应条件及单因素对COD的影响趋势.结果表明,三者联合应用处理焦化废水COD的最佳反应条件为:Fe2 40 mg/L,H2O2 55 mg/L,FeCl3 5.4 mg/L,PAM 1.2mg/L,超声波频率为34.19 kHz.在此反应条件下,COD去除率达到77.7%;各单因素对COD去除率的影响顺序为Fe2 ＞H2O2＞PAM＞超声波频率＞FeCl3.     

Self-ignition and explosion during discharge of high-pressure hydrogen

The phenomenon of self-ignition and explosion during discharge of high-pressure hydrogen was investigated. To clarify the ignition conditions of high-pressure hydrogen jets, rapid discharge of the high-pressure hydrogen was examined experimentally. A diaphragm was used to allow rapid discharge of the high-pressure hydrogen. The burst pressure was varied from 4 to 30 MPa. The downstream geometry of the diaphragm was a flange and extension pipes, with the pipe length varying from 3 to 300 mm. The diameter of the nozzle was 5 or 10 mm. When short pipes were used, the hydrogen jet did not ignite. However, the hydrogen jet showed an increasing tendency to ignite in the pipe as the length of the pipe became longer. At higher burst pressures, a diffusion jet flame was formed from the pipe. The blast wave from the fireball formed on self-ignition of the hydrogen jet resulted in an extremely rapid pressure rise.     

天然气集输站泄漏监控系统研究

为克服目前天然气集输站站控系统存在的主要技术问题,探讨了建立泄漏监控安全系统的技术要求.该系统应用负压波检漏技术、模式识别技术和虚拟仪器技术,实现了.对天然气泄漏的信号检测、处理、传输和实时动态显示等.借助于这些技术开发的天然气泄漏监控系统,具有数据处理准确可靠,精度高,误报率低等特点.通过该系统,可以及时获取相关参数和信息,实现早期预警,降低天然气泄漏的事故风险.     

隧道含水断层破碎带的探测

以泉三高速公路某隧道含水断层为例,对比瑞利波和地质雷达两种探测技术,论述其优缺点,阐明瑞利波探测技术探测公路施工隧道含水断层破碎带的优点。     

Impact of a shock wave on a structure on explosion at altitude

The number of explosive attacks on civilian buildings has recently increased and the pattern of damage inflicted on structures when an explosion takes place at altitude remains quite difficult to predict. The primary aim of the work reported here was to enhance the understanding of how blast waves from an explosion at altitude interact with the ground and with a structure. Small-scale experiments were conducted using a propane–oxygen stoichiometric mixture as explosive. This approach is original because it models high-explosive detonation in terms of gaseous charge explosion using TNT equivalents. Several non-dimensional laws are expressed and validated by experiments. These relationships allow determination of the propagation of a blast wave and its interaction with a structure as a function of the position of the explosive charge when the explosion occurs at altitude. Then, from knowledge of the blast loading, using Hopkinson's scaling law and TNT equivalents, we can predict the interaction of blast waves with the ground and a structure on a real scale. Simulations were performed using the Autodyn code, and good correlation with the experimental results was obtained.