Consequences assessment of explosions in pipes using coupled FEM-SPH method

Explosions often lead to destruction of equipment, which is a difficult problem including complicated fluid-solid interactions. Most traditional CFD methods cannot synchronously solve the movements of fluids and large deformation and fracture of solids because such problem is usually accompanied with constantly moving-and-changing boundary conditions. In this paper, a coupled Finite Element Method-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (FEM-SPH) method was proposed to simulate the dynamic processes of explosions in pipes. The propagation of blast wave and the fracture of pipe were captured in every timestep, where the energy dissipation caused by plastic deformation and crack propagation were fully considered. A rate-dependent failure criterion for high-strain-rate load conditions was employed in the numerical simulation, which was presented in our previous work and has been verified in the dynamic fracture behavior of steels for pressure vessels and pipes. In addition, a simpler formula was proposed to describe the attenuation of blast wave outside the pipe and the consequences caused by the explosions were assessed. Results revealed the interaction between blast wave and pipe, the leakage of detonation products, the attenuations of peak overpressures outside the pipe and the corresponding consequences at different distances. It is found that when considering the energy consumption during plastic deformation and crack propagation in coupled FEM-SPH method, the assessment results are more rational than that without considering such energy consumption.     

阻尼隔声板在噪声控制工程上的应用

对隔声材料的隔声功能进行了分析,根据两种以上不同质的复合材料可避开各自的阻隔波谷,能更有效地提高阻隔宽频噪声的总体性能的声学原理,提出了安装有阻尼层的隔声板,可有效提高隔声板的隔声量。     

Practical management of cumulative anthropogenic impacts with working marine examples

Human pressure on the environment is expanding and intensifying, especially in coastal and offshore areas. Major contributors to this are the current push for offshore renewable energy sources, which are thought of as environmentally friendly sources of power, as well as the continued demand for petroleum. Human disturbances, including the noise almost ubiquitously associated with human activity, are likely to increase the incidence, magnitude, and duration of adverse effects on marine life, including stress responses. Stress responses have the potential to induce fitness consequences for individuals, which add to more obvious directed takes (e.g., hunting or fishing) to increase the overall population‐level impact. To meet the requirements of marine spatial planning and ecosystem‐based management, many efforts are ongoing to quantify the cumulative impacts of all human actions on marine species or populations. Meanwhile, regulators face the challenge of managing these accumulating and interacting impacts with limited scientific guidance. We believe there is scientific support for capping the level of impact for (at a minimum) populations in decline or with unknown statuses. This cap on impact can be facilitated through implementation of regular application cycles for project authorization or improved programmatic and aggregated impact assessments that simultaneously consider multiple projects. Cross‐company collaborations and a better incorporation of uncertainty into decision making could also help limit, if not reduce, cumulative impacts of multiple human activities. These simple management steps may also form the basis of a rudimentary form of marine spatial planning and could be used in support of future ecosystem‐based management efforts.     

控制棒驱动机构与反应堆堆顶组合模型的抗震分析

目的获得控制棒驱动机构(CRDM)和反应堆堆顶组件(RHP)在地震作用下的动力学响应。方法建立控制棒驱动机构与反应堆堆顶组件的有限元组合模型,采用ANSYS软件对模型开展三维非线性抗震分析。分析模型中分别用梁单元、杆单元和弹簧单元等模拟堆顶的各个部件,考虑控制棒驱动机构抗震支承板之间、抗震支承板与抗震支承环之间的相互碰撞作用。此外,将电缆托架和电缆桥组件的梁模型也加入到组合模型,而不是简单地将其简化为集中质量,可减小该部分质量分配不真实对抗震分析结果带来的误差。结果利用ANSYS软件时程法中的直接积分法完成了组合模型的抗震分析,提取了控制棒驱动机构和反应堆堆顶组件各部位应力评定所需的载荷。结论较为准确地模拟了抗震板之间的碰撞作用,得到了各截面的载荷,可为设备应力分析提供输入。     

含油污泥处理现状及新型工艺探讨

针对含油污泥处理现状,分析国内外处理含油污泥方法上存在的问题,提出超声波技术和调质-机械分离技术结合处理含油污泥的新方法。     

地震海啸危险性概率分析的数值模型可靠性

随着地震危险性分析方法的成熟,地震海啸危险性评价工作也逐渐展开,并过渡为基于概率方法的危险性分析。对于没有足够历史海啸观测记录的地区,基于数值模拟的分析方法来评价该地区的海啸危险性是一种有效方法。本文选取了2010年以来发生的五次典型海洋地震,模拟海啸的产生和传播过程;对比分析模拟结果与观测数据后得出两者比较一致,从而验证了数值模型的可靠性,为今后我国地震海啸危险性概率分析提供了可靠的数值方法。．     

基于GIS的城市地震建筑物次生火灾蔓延模型

考虑城市地震次生火灾发生和蔓延的实际情况,以城市内地震破坏下的建筑物为火灾蔓延的主要载体,从工程应用的角度按不同结构类型给出了次生火灾蔓延参数,并建立了不同类型结构蔓延的临界距离等;考虑地震破坏下和不同风速对燃烧参数的影响,建立了以建筑物为对象的城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型。并以地理信息系统为平台,开发了城市地震次生火灾蔓延模拟系统。该模型的建立可为防御和减轻城市地震次生火灾提供辅助决策,同时对城市日常防火也有一定的参考价值。     

汶川8.0级地震路堑墙震害特征及机理分析

通过对2005年竣工的都江堰至映秀的三级公路的调查,分析了路堑墙的汶川8.0级地震震害模式;以浆砌片石典型解体崩毁工点为例,将基于抗震设计规范的验算与实震情况比较,认为现行抗震规范是按照刚性挡土墙进行设计的,对于"柔性挡土墙"并不完全适用;通过拟静力法进行计算认为墙后坡度越大,挡墙稳定性越差,未超过一定坡度时主动土压力系数增长缓慢,当超过一定坡度时,主动土压力系数急剧增长。     

微振动台阵记录中空间自相关法的时间延迟校正

本文给出了微振动台阵的波长与台站对间距离的半理论-半经验关系;根据前人的理论和实验,指出微振动波场存在优势方向,即在有效波长范围内,微振动的各道记录存在相位差;提出了投影到某方位的相位校正公式和校正方法,由此实现空间自相关法的相关函数和相速度曲线的时间延迟校正,通过实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

尾矿库地震溃坝模糊风险评估方法探讨

在研究尾矿库地震作用机理的基础上,对尾矿坝在地震动力条件下溃坝风险进行研究,并提出地震溃坝风险指标,采用模糊评判方法对尾矿坝溃坝风险进行理论分析计算,并运用于实际尾矿库的评价中。可为尾矿库运行期的安全管理提供依据。