海洋环境工频磁场量级的快速估计方法

海洋环境中工频电磁场是舰船水下电磁场测量的重要干扰源之一.对工频电磁场进行测量时由于水下布放难度较大,对测试海域进行多点测量并不现实.通过对工频电磁场海水中透射基本理论的分析,提出了一种工频磁场的快速估计方法,实测验证了方法的有效性.     

矩形巷道矿震应力波扩散规律谱元法分析*

为明晰矿震在巷道围岩中的应力波扩散规律,采用SPECFEM2D程序包谱元法数值模拟方法,研究二维模型在有无矩形巷道情况下应力波扩散过程以及质点最大振动速度PPV值分布规律。结果表明:巷道受S波影响大于受P波影响的程度。巷道表面应力波叠加现象明显,且背波侧巷道左帮上半部分PPV值最大,但深入围岩内部后有巷道时小于无巷道时的PPV值。巷道迎波侧PPV值较背波侧大,且分布范围大,背波侧出现了应力波屏蔽区。巷道顶底板主要受水平方向应力波影响,两帮主要受垂直方向应力波影响。研究结果对理解应力波在矩形巷道周围的扩散规律有一定的参考作用,并对矿震应力波作用下的巷道支护有一定借鉴意义。     

基于BP神经网络的岩石损伤声发射事件源定位研究*

工程岩体一般包含大量的节理、裂隙等各类缺陷,利用AE技术可以对缺陷进行定位,但仍然有很大误差。为进一步减小AE定位误差,确定缺陷位置,做好安全预警工作,研究提高岩石声发射定位精度的优化方法。利用断铅实验模拟产生声发射信号,将声发射信号特征参数中的幅值、能量、振铃计数以及到达时差作为输入,断铅点真实坐标作为输出,构建BP神经网络模型,并通过实验确定最优隐含层数等参数,最后通过交叉学习训练交叉预测得出断铅点坐标,并与基于到达时差的传统定位法以及考虑材料各向异性条件下的波速优化算法进行对比。结果表明:BP神经网络算法与传统方法相比,板状岩石声发射定位的误差显著减小,定位精度提高;岩石试件定位误差的误差波动更为平稳,有效改善了声发射源位置对定位效果的影响。本方法为岩石缺陷的精确定位提供了1种较好的技术手段。     

高烈度地震区跨断层隧道不同厚度减震层减震效果分析*

为进一步提高高烈度地震区跨断层隧道抗震性能,基于达万高速天坪寨隧道F1断层段,利用有限差分数值软件FLAC3D对跨断层隧道施设不同减震层厚度减震效果进行研究。结果表明:当天坪寨隧道F1断层段施设减震层厚度为150 mm时,减震效果最优,其次为200,100,50 mm;当施设150 mm减震层时,横向与竖向位移分别减小5.88%与8.50%,最大主应力减小36.02%,最小主应力减小12.21%,最大剪应力减小51.61%,最小安全系数提高52.45%～65.32%。研究结果可为高烈度地震区跨断层隧道抗震设计提供参考。     

200 MW燃气流风洞高压氧气系统安全操作分析

为保证200 MW燃气流风洞高压氧气系统安全运行,从初始能量出发,对高压氧气系统充气、供气、排气时管道内的激波管流动、绝热压缩等过程进行安全分析,并提出针对性安全措施。结果表明:对于充气管道内存在的激波管流动,当驱动气体压力为20 MPa、被驱动气体压力为0.1 MPa时,激波反射后末端气体温度远远高于200 ℃,通过减小阀门开启速度,对阀前管道进行充气以减小上下游压差,可避免因绝热压缩产生的高温;供气管道充填时,管道内最高温度为73 ℃,通过控制充填速度,可进一步降低管道内氧气温度;通过高压排气、低压排气2种模式,可满足国标中对氧气流速的要求。研究结果可为氧气管道远程安全操作提供参考。     

Steam cavity and explosion intensity of molten copper column interaction with water

The steam explosion is one of the most serious accidents in the metallurgical industry. In this paper, an experimental study on the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water was carried out using high-speed camera and transient pressure measurement system. The effects of temperature, falling height, diameter and mass of molten copper column on the interaction were investigated. The steam cavity phenomenon was observed in the interaction and the percentage of steam cavity volume affects the probability of fragmentation of molten copper column. The maximum percentage of steam cavity volume increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of temperature and falling height. It increases with the increase of diameter of molten copper column, but the mass has a weak effect. The pressure wave generated by the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water gradually increases with an increase in the temperature of molten copper column. The energy conversion rate in the interaction of molten copper column with cooling water was calculated. The rate of energy conversion from the thermal energy of molten copper column to the energy of pressure wave is low because most of the thermal energy is dissipated into the cooling water by heat transfer.     

Dynamic responses and damage of storage tanks under the coupling effect of blast wave and fragment impact

Blast wave and fragment are two main types of physical damage effects representing a significant threat to storage tank structures in chemical industrial parks. Compared with the effect of only blast wave or fragment, the coupling effect of them may cause more severe consequences and is worthy of study. A numerical study of the dynamic responses and damage of a vertical storage tank subjected to the coupling effect of blast wave and fragment is conducted based on a typical accident. The simulation results reveal that stress-concentration and rapid increase of the stress exist in the impacted region of the storage tank under the coupling effect, which leads to the structural damage of the tank exhibiting different failure modes. The coupling effect is significantly apparent following a dramatic increase of the plastic strain, and the damage of the storage tank is further aggravated. From the displacement response and energy absorption, the overall damage of the storage tank subjected to the coupling effect is more severe than that caused by blast wave and fragment separately, which also indicates that the coupling effect is an enhanced damage effect. Besides, the contribution of blast wave and fragment to the coupling effect depends on scaled distance. The results of the study help reveal the coupling effect of blast wave and fragment and prevent domino accidents caused by the coupling effect.     

小波奇异性在地震信号去噪中的应用

论文介绍了地震信号的去噪过程中,利用小波良好的时频局部化能力和多分辨率分析能力,对信号进行变换,利用变换后的幅值极大点检测出信号的奇异点(突变点,包含了震相和噪声),继而利用在不同的变换尺度下,震相信号和噪声模极大值的变化特征的不同来去除噪声.利用我台的地震信号进行验证,该方法去噪后震相更清晰,震相的标注信度更高.