Understanding conflicting cultural models of outdoor cats to overcome conservation impasse

Many conservation conflicts are scientifically complex yet are rooted in value conflicts, which result in an impasse. Additional biological information alone is insufficient to resolve this type of conflict. Conceptual models that articulate the material aspects of a system are increasingly used to identify areas where parties disagree. Yet, modeling processes typically follow the conveners’ rules for discussing and assessing the topic, which can exacerbate conflict. Researchers have identified a need for processes that require participants to reflect on the limits of their own philosophical assumptions and acknowledge other perspectives. Cultural models are a promising tool for this purpose because they include nonmaterial beliefs, morals, and values that guide people's understanding of how to interact with an issue, sometimes subconsciously. We explored how cultural models used with conceptual models can improve understanding of value conflicts and used outdoor cat management as a case study. We conducted interviews and focus group discussions with wildlife conservation and cat welfare professionals involved in outdoor cat policy discussions in Hawaii and Washington, D.C. From these conversations, we developed a conceptual model of the outdoor cat management system and cultural models that led stakeholders to weigh elements of the conceptual model differently. Although wildlife conservation professionals generally spoke about outdoor cats as invasive species, cat welfare professionals spoke about them as homeless pets. These conflicting conceptualizations of what an outdoor cat is may help explain the root of many long-standing disagreements. Examining how and when stakeholders invoke different cultural models allowed us to identify management actions that work with, rather than challenge, those models. Dialogue that embraces conflicting cultural models can be difficult and uncomfortable, but has great potential to overcome conservation impasse and achieve lasting conservation results.     

北京西单文化广场的火灾安全评价与管理

以火灾危险辨识、危险评价方法和人员培训手段相结合 ,提出了北京西单文化广场火灾安全评价与管理的总体思路 ;分析并说明了火灾危险评价中火灾模型的选取、确定几种极限情形需要考虑的主要因素以及人员疏散策略有效性的衡量等关键问题 ;同时给出了人员培训的详细内容。本文为受限空间类城市公共场所的安全评价与管理提供了一种可供参照的研究模式     

公共场所特大火灾事故调研及对策分析

通过调研国内近10年来有代表性的30起公共场所特大火灾事故,对公共场所火灾事故的发生场所、原因进行了详细分析,提出几点降低公共场所火灾事故风险,减少群死群伤事故危害的对策,以期为公共场所重大火灾事故预防工作提供有益参考.     

区域品牌发展对资源禀赋的敏感性研究

区域品牌已成为提升区域竞争力的重要途径,对于区域经济的可持续发展具有重要影响。本文基于资源配置体系的内生视角,在对区域品牌发展的驱动机制进行探讨和构建的基础上,理论分析并实证检验了区域资源禀赋对区域品牌发展的影响机理和作用边界,以及制度因素在二者关系中的调节作用,以期通过探索资源禀赋、制度因素与区域品牌发展的关系,揭示以资源禀赋为逻辑起点的区域品牌发展驱动机制。研究结果显示,在主效应方面,区域品牌内的品牌声誉、金融支持、技术投入三个资源因素对区域品牌发展均具有显著的驱动作用。作用边界方面,公共营销在品牌声誉与区域品牌发展的关系中具有显著正向调节作用,品牌声誉对区域品牌发展的贡献随着公共营销能力的提升而增加;市场维护变量在金融支持与区域品牌发展关系中具有显著正向调节作用,区域市场维护力度越强,金融支持对区域品牌发展的促进作用越显著。并且,两项制度因素均能够显著正向调节技术投入和区域品牌发展的关系,即制度因素与区域品牌发展对技术投入的敏感性具有正相关关系。研究结论的实践启示在于,区域品牌发展的核心驱动要素为区域资源的禀赋状态,区域内的企业、地方政府等利益相关主体应从树立品牌声誉、加强金融支持、提升创新技术投入三个方面来提升区域品牌的成长动力。在推动区域品牌发展过程中,地方政府的主要职能应锁定在建构主打产品的公共营销体系和维护产品市场交易秩序两个方面,继而为区域品牌成长提供政策环境和必要条件。     

景区开发中游客“场所依恋”的演变与控制研究——以湖南省柳子景区为例

随着湖南省柳子景区的开发,游客的＂场所依恋＂水平呈缓慢上升的趋势,说明景区开发对场所依恋有着正向的影响。在景区开发过程中,个人感情和从业者的行为与态度两个影响因素对场所依恋的贡献较小,景观质量、知名度和旅游环境在短时间内得到了迅速的提升和改善,从而导致游客场所依恋水平增加,且前期的增幅要超过后期,显得后劲不足。湖南省柳子景区未来应当挖掘场所认同,强化与游客的感情联系,并注意持续扩大该景区的知名度,提高从业者的素质,用以促进游客＂场所依恋＂水平的提升。     

Re-imagining the environment: using an environmental art festival to encourage pro-environmental behaviour and a sense of place

Environmental art can be used by government as an engaging medium to encourage pro-environmental behaviour and a sense of place at a grassroots level. By stimulating discussion and reflection, environmental art offers an imaginative format to promote environmental engagement. In this case, by placing artworks in nature, a community's focus was drawn to the beauty of their everyday environment and the ideas communicated by the works, in an effort to encourage environmental awareness and stewardship. This study explores audience responses to Floating Land – a local-government-initiated environmental art festival held in the Noosa Biosphere in Australia. A multi-layered perspective of the festival's impact on pro-environmental behaviours and sense of place was investigated via questionnaires administered to the audience, workshop participants and local residents. Data offered insights into attitude differences between those who intended to change their behaviour and those who did not; understandings about the influence of workshop facilitators; and revelations about a community finding opportunities to re-imagine their place through environmental art. Recommendations are offered as a way for governments to incorporate environmental art into their role of educating for the environment. This study contributes to the under-researched area of audience responses to environmental art by providing qualitative and quantitative analysis that draws out understandings of the impact of art that promotes environmental awareness and a sense of place. The study reveals that Floating Land contributed to reinforcing the essential role of local people in engendering positive change, thus manifesting the aims of the Biosphere Reserve and Agenda 21.     

井下采矿作业环境质量模糊综合评判

在全面分析井下作业环境质量影响因素的基础上,运用模糊数学中的综合评判法,建立井下作业环境质量评价模式。依据相关法规并借鉴成功经验和研究成果,将环境质量分为5个级别,并建立了相应的隶属函数。以程潮铁矿东区-290m水平作业场所为实例,对其采场作业环境的质量进行了模糊综合评判,指出了作业环境质量较差的主要原因,提出了相应的改进措施。实际应用表明,井下采矿作业环境质量模糊综合评判法具有较高的应用价值。     

Exploring insideness in urban children’s sense of place

This study, informed by phenomenology and ethnography, explores urban children’s relationship with their urban environment: In what ways do urban children exhibit “insideness” in their sense of place? This study proposes “insideness” as a conceptual construct to understand urban children’s sense of place in its ecological and dynamic nature. Employing qualitative research methods, the study explores place stories of urban children who live in low-income, immigrant neighborhoods in New York City. The study finds that as children cultivate their sense of place, they construct “insideness” in their sense of place including 1) environmental understanding (i.e., contextualized, comprehensive, and critical understanding of a place), 2) environmental competence (i.e., knowing how to navigate and engage in a place), and 3) diverse, strong affective relationships with a place. Using “insideness” as a conceptual tool, this study discusses children’s emplaced understanding and active and dialogical positionality in the development of their sense of place.     

复杂事件事故树“人-机-环”简易展开模型及应用

为了寻找编制复杂事件事故树时中间事件的展开方式,采用理论分析的方法,剖析事故原因,发现事故的发生均是事故致因理论中"人-机-环"三因素作用导致的。基于此,根据系统分割准则和事故致因理论,研究了一种事故树基本展开型式,提出事故树编制时的"二分法"原则,建立了通用的事故树简易展开模型。利用模型将事故的"人-机-环"三因素分析方法应用于高处坠落这一事件的事故树分析中,确定了高处坠落事故的主要影响因素,编制出包含7个中间事件和11个基本事件的高处坠落事故树。研究表明,模型可有效实现复杂事件事故树的编制及影响因素分析,研究结论将传统的"因素分析"从定性向半定量方向推进了一步。