废蚀刻铜液制取氧化铜及废液的再生条件研究

采用酸性蚀刻废液与碱性蚀刻废液混合沉铜的方法制取氧化铜,讨论了酸度对沉淀的影响;同时,对沉铜后母液用于制取碱性蚀刻液的指标的调整、蚀刻速率进行了研究,达到了废液重复使用的目的,是一种较理想的再生利用电路板废液和回收铜的方法。     

非金属材料放气对砷化镓电池的影响分析

目的提高砷化镓电池的应用效率。方法以航天器常用灰皮电缆作为放气源,通过电池性能与透过率关系试验和污染物沉积量与透过率关系试验研究,分析材料放气对砷化镓电池的性能影响。结果随着非金属材料放气沉积量的增多,砷化镓电池的短路电流不断减小。当污染沉积量达到4×10-5g/cm2时,砷化镓电池的短路电流变化量为23 m A,变化率为10.9%;当污染沉积量达到1.26×10-4g/cm2时,砷化镓电池的短路电流变化量为42 m A,变化率为20.0%。结论非金属材料放气是造成太阳电池性能下降的因素之一。     

Evaluation of gold and silver leaching from printed circuit board of cellphones

Electronic waste has been increasing proportionally with the technology. So, nowadays, it is necessary to consider the useful life, recycling, and final disposal of these equipment. Metals, such as Au, Ag, Cu, Sn and Ni can be found in the printed circuit boards (PCB). According to this, the aims of this work is to characterize the PCBs of mobile phones with aqua regia; obtaining “reference” values of leaching, to gold and silver, with cyanide and nitric acid, respectively; and study the process of leaching of these metals in alternative leaching with sodium thiosulfate and ammonium thiosulfate. The metals were characterized by digesting the sample with aqua regia for 1 and 2 h at 60 °C and 80 °C. The leaching of Au with a commercial reagent (cyanide) and the Ag with HNO₃were made. The leaching of Au and Ag with alternative reagents: Na₂S₂O_3, and (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ in 0.1 M concentration with the addition of CuSO₄, NH₄OH, and H₂O₂, was also studied. The results show that the digestion with aqua regia was efficient to characterize the metals present in the PCBs of mobile phones. However, the best method to solubilize silver was by digesting the sample with nitric acid. The leaching process using sodium thiosulfate was more efficient when an additional concentration of 0.015 and 0.030 M of the CuSO₄ was added.     

电气火灾产生的机理及其对策

火灾是各种灾害中,发生频繁、损失重大的灾种。为此,集中讨论在火灾中占有较大比例的电气火灾;分析研究输电线路产生火灾的机理及其发展规律;特别指出提高全民防火意识,对减少火灾损失、保护人民生命和财产的安全有十分重要的作用     

基于超临界技术的印刷线路板资源化方法研究

印刷线路板的回收由于其结构和组成材料的复杂性，被认为是电子电器产品回收中的重点和难点之一。提出了将超临界流体技术应用于废弃印刷线路板的回收工艺，研究出了一种环境友好的废弃印刷线路板回收方法。建立了回收模型及回收实验平台，并使用正交实验设计方法对实验进行设计，利用SPSS分析软件对实验数据进行了分析研究并结合实际实验结果得出了最佳工艺参数。通过对反应生成物进行质谱分析，推测出了生成物的主要组分，并据此对反应机理进行了研究。     

Carrier detection and microsatellite analysis of duchenne and becker muscular dystrophy in spanish families

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD) are usually problematical when trying to determine the carrier status of at-risk women, which usually has to be based on haplotype or dosage analysis on Southern blots. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, we have detected deletions in 20 out of 44 D/BMD families with living affected members (45·5 per cent), more often in sporadic cases of DMD (14/22 with detectable deletion) than in familial ones (4/15), the majority (15/20) occurring in the distal region of the D/BMD gene. Four highly informative short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs), which lie within the distal deletion hot spot of the D/BMD gene, can show loss of heterozygosity in carrier females, providing direct evidence of their carrier status. These STRPs greatly improve informativity, with a combined heterozygosity of 100 per cent and with the majority of families informative for three of the four STRPs. In 14/15 (93 per cent) of the families with distal deletions, the STRPs provided direct information on carrier status, and in some cases, they provide valuable information on recombination breakpoints and non-paternity.     

江苏宿迁地震台近来短水准观测非正常情况探讨

地震前兆数据观测中，经常会遇到数据突然发生变化，遇到这种情况，就要及时进行分析，研究其是否与地震孕育有关，为防震减灾工作提供依据。宿迁地震台的短水准观测数据，在2005年6月底发生了大的突变，对于这次变化，本文从测量测线的布设、地质构造、干扰情况、数据演变等方面进行分析，最后得到这次变化并不是由地震孕育引起的这一结论。     

生物脱氮技术研究的新进展

针对传统生物脱氮工艺存在的问题，在该领域展开了同时硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化3项新技术的研究。有针对性地对3项新技术的理论基础、研究进展、控制参数及妥善解决方法作了阐述，并就未来的发展进行了展望，为污水生物脱氮技术更深入地研究提供了借鉴。     

液体浮选法回收废旧电脑线路板中铜的研究

本文用物理及化学方法研究了废旧电脑线路板的处理回收工艺。首先通过粉碎机将线路板破碎，在不同破碎时间和转速下，对筛分后各担级的产物作累积产率曲线，得到理想的破碎时间和转速，然后利用液体对破碎的物料进行淳选，重化分析铜与非金属的解离程度，最后通过碘重法检测浮选后铜的回收情况。实验鲒果表明：在R〉2000rpm的条件下线路板粉碎120s，采用三溴甲烷作浮选注，进行液体浮选，在dp〈0．074mm的细粗级中，主要是玻璃纤维和碳化硅等非金属物质，线路板中的铜主要富集在0．84～0．125mm拉级中，在0．84—0．42mm粒级中，铜的回收率可达到97．89％。     

热解技术在废旧印刷电路板处理及资源化中的应用

综述了热解技术在废旧印刷电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)处理及资源化中应用的研究状况.热解技术可以改善和提高PCB中金属物质的回收效果,减少污染.同时,以热解为基础的PCB中非金属物质回收技术也有着很好的发展前景.PCB热解动力学的研究表明其在1000℃以下的热解过程可划分为分别服从不同反应机理的2个阶段.PCB热解产物中的油、气产物可以回收作为化工原料或燃料.PCB热解过程中含溴阻燃剂的转化和迁移规律以及热解产物中含溴污染物的控制和脱除、热解技术与其他PCB资源化技术的合理有效整合是今后研究的重点.