短程硝化-反硝化生物滤池脱氮机制研究

研究了短程硝化生物滤池的调控因素以及短程硝化-反硝化生物滤池的脱氮机制.结果表明,针对城市污水处理厂二级出水中的氨氮和总氮,在水温为(30±1)℃的条件下,提高进水pH值有助于硝化生物滤池中亚硝酸盐的积累,较好地实现短程硝化过程,当进水pH值平均为8.5时,亚硝酸盐的积累达到最大.沿硝化生物滤池水流方向,pH和DO的变化呈相反趋势,亚硝酸盐的积累呈增加趋势,在反应器出水口较好地实现了亚硝酸盐的积累.短程硝化-反硝化生物滤池对NH4+-N有较好的去除效率(90%以上);当反硝化生物滤池进水COD/TN为3.0时,出水TN的浓度降低到8～9 mg.L-1的范围,去除率稳定在79%～81%.     

利用好氧硝化颗粒污泥SBR处理分离尿液的研究

在不同接种污泥条件下的序批式活性污泥系统（sequencing batch reactor, SBR）中,研究了分离尿液（source-separated urine, SSU)的处理情况和污泥特性.在硝化污泥接种的SBR中,对SSU中的可生化降解有机物具有较高的去除效率,而对其中氨氮的硝化效率很低,系统中没有出现生物体聚集状态的污泥.在用实验室内培养的好氧颗粒污泥接种的SBR系统中,对SSU不仅有较高的有机物去除效率,同时还可以有效实现氨氮的硝化过程,经过约70 d的运行之后,系统中出现了稳定状态的生物聚集体——好氧硝化颗粒污泥,氨氮容积负荷以氮计算为0.5 kg/（m³·d）.好氧硝化颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降效果和活性,颗粒表面聚集着硝化杆菌和球菌.好氧硝化颗粒污泥的粒径比接种的好氧颗粒污泥的粒径有较明显的减少,沉降速率却比相同粒径的好氧颗粒污泥有较大的改善.好氧硝化颗粒污泥对SSU中有机物和氨氮的转化效率都在90％以上,有效地保证了反应器中较小生长速率的硝化细菌的数量并实现系统的稳定运行.     

Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations

Suspended and waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria have been adopted for evaluating the e ects of environmental changes, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on nitrification characteristics under conditions of low ammonia concentrations. The results showed that nitrification was prone to complete with increasing pH, DO and temperature. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the e ects of temperature and pH on nitrification feature of suspended bacteria were slightly greater than those of immobilized nitrifying bacteria. Immobilized cells could achieve complete nitrification at low ammonia concentrations when DO was su cient. Continuous experiments were carried out to discuss the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic micropollute source water with the ammonia concentration of about 1 mg/L using immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets in an up-flow inner circulation reactor under di erent hydraulic retention times (HRT). The continuous removal rate remains above 80% even under HRT 30 min. The results verified that the waterborne polyurethane immobilized nitrifying bacteria pellets had great potential applications for micro-pollution source water treatment.     

低温地下水净化工艺中氨氮去除性能及机制

在东北某自来水厂,以中试滤柱开展了低温（5~6℃）高铁锰氨[Fe（Ⅱ）11.9~14.8 mg·L^-1、Mn（Ⅱ）1.1~1.5 mg·L^-1和NH₄⁺-N 1.1~3.2 mg·L^-1]净化工艺实验,以探究氨氮去除途径与生物滤柱的除氨性能.结果表明,滤柱在启动初期就对氨氮具有良好的去除效果,通过理论分析与实验验证可知,TN_loss是由铁氧化物对氨氮吸附造成,氨氮转化为硝氮的过程是生物硝化作用.氨氮质量浓度提高过程中,由于吸附位点有限,铁氧化物对氨氮的吸附量稳定在1 mg·L^-1左右,氨氮氧化去除量不断增加,其中在滤柱上部滤层的去除量远大于下部滤层,DO是限制氨氮氧化去除量进一步增加的限制因素.滤速提升过程中,铁氧化物对氨氮吸附时间缩短,吸附量有所减少,空床接触时间（empty bed contact time,EBCT）缩短,使得单位体积滤料中硝化菌硝化去除的氨氮减少,需要增加滤层厚度以提升氨氮去除效果.     

生物接触氧化法在炼油废水回用处理中的应用

利用生物接触氧化法对炼油厂的外排污水进行深度处理,在曝气时间大于3h的情况下,可以有效地降低COD、氨氮,伴随硝化反应的发生,出水的碱度也下降。当停留时间足够时,水气比对水中溶解氧的浓度影响不大,较低的有机物浓度成为微生物降解活动的限制因素。经过生物接触氧化处理后的污水的腐蚀速率反而升高,体现出微生物的腐蚀作用和硝化反应的作用。     

土－水系统中脱氮化作用与硝化作用的耦合关系

对氮肥的两种主要化学形态（即硝态氮和铵态氮）在土－水系统中的形态转化过程及控制因素进行了探讨。结果表明：供试系统中硝化作用与脱氮化作用都较强烈，硝化作用先于脱氮化作用，其速度明显比脱氮化作用快。硝化作用与脱氮化作用的耦合是氮化合物转化的核心机制。决定亚硝酸盐积累的主要因素是温度。     

新型循环流化床硝化-反硝化启动试验研究

利用新型循环流化床进行清水实验及硝化、反硝化启动试验研究,考察了系统对有机物和氮的去除效果,并分析了曝气量对系统启动的影响.结果表明,将输送床和传统流化床工艺进行有机结合,技术上可行,可以在系统内不同区建立缺氧、好氧条件,通过硝化和反硝化作用完成脱氮.     

SBR法短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮工艺的研究

针对目前传统生物脱氮工艺存在的问题 ,结合国内外在该方向的研究现状 ,以实际豆制品废水为研究对象 ,控制反应器内混合液温度在 31± 0 .5℃的条件下 ,实现了短程硝化 反硝化生物脱氮工艺 ,NO-2 N NOx N的比率始终维持在90 %以上。并在此试验基础上 ,考察了曝气时间对反应器内氮形态变化的影响及系统对进水COD和NH3 N浓度的抗冲击负荷能力。结果显示 ,曝气时间对硝化效果影响较大 ,同时 ,本工艺具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。     

巢湖十五里河沉积物硝化速率的城乡梯度变化及相关性

2017年7月—2018年5月,在巢湖十五里河干流城乡梯度方向的5个采样点位,按两月一次的频率采集表层沉积物及其上覆水.在此基础上,开展沉积物硝化速率城乡梯度变化规律分析,并识别主要影响因素.结果表明:①十五里河水体氮磷污染严重,并具有氨氮浓度相对较高的污染特点;②潜在硝化速率(PNR)变幅为0.003～0.021μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1),均值为0.011μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1),没有表现出明显的城乡梯度规律;③表面硝化速率(ANR)变幅为0.73～15.23μmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1),均值为4.19μmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1),也未表现出明显的城乡梯度规律;④十五里河沉积物硝化速率季节性变化规律明显,基本表现为:夏季春季秋季冬季,但5个采样点之间硝化速率的差异性程度不完全相同;⑤PNR与上覆水水温相关性较为显著,ANR与上覆水中NH~+_4-N和NO~-_3-N存在显著相关性,沉积物中对PNR和ANR影响较为显著的因素都是TN、NH~+_4-N和pH.     

High nitrite accumulation and strengthening denitrification for old-age landfill leachate treatment using an autocontrol two-stage hybrid process

An autocontrol two-stage hybrid process was developed to treat landfill leachate. Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway was split into two stages. The first stage was designed for the high nitrite accumulation and was composed of two hybrid bed reactors (Hybrid I and Hybrid II) and a coagulation–flocculation reactor having effective volumes of 120 L and 80 L, respectively. The second stage was designed for strengthening denitrification and included a single 80 L reactor. The carriers of the hybrid bed reactors were composed of fixed multiple flexible carriers and suspended particle carriers. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and temperature were used as online fuzzy control parameters of the automatic control system. The concentration of nitrite in Hybrid I and Hybrid II could reach 411 mg L⁻¹ and 604 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Ammonia removal has reached maximal rates of 0.061 kgNH₄⁺-N (m³ h)⁻¹ and 0.041 kgNH₄⁺-N (m³ h)⁻¹, respectively. A maximum nitrite removal rate of 0.211 kgNO₂⁻-N (m³ h)⁻¹ was observed during the strengthening denitrification. The running time of one cycle was not fixed and was actually controlled by the system. The results indicated that the running period was more closely related to influent ammonia concentration than influent COD concentration. The aeration times could be shortened and the energy could be saved. The autocontrol two-stage hybrid process is therefore an economical and effective way for landfill leachate treatment.