复合式生物反应器硝化反硝化性能研究

复合式生物反应器填料内部存在多种多样的微环境类型,从而形成微观的好氧/缺氧/厌氧环境,造成同步硝化/反硝化反应的发生。在一定浓度范围内,硝化反应和反硝化反应的比基质消耗速率与基质浓度成零级动力学反应。好氧区悬浮污泥比NH3-N降解速率为0.236/d,反硝化速率为0.0627/d;缺氧区悬浮污泥比NH3-N降解速率为0.0973/d,反硝化速率为0.231/d。出水中可以检出大量的亚硝态氮和硝态氮,二者的浓度保持相同的变化趋势,其比值大约为1.78,出现了稳定的NO2--N的积累。     

淮北平原典型农田土壤N2O产生途径及相关功能基因丰度研究

温室气体氧化亚氮(N₂O)已成为全球关注的焦点,全球约60%的人为N₂O排放来自农业土壤.虽然已知微生物硝化和反硝化是土壤N₂O产生的主要过程,但N₂O产生的关键生物学机制以及其调控环境变量之间的相互作用仍然难以预测.本研究选取安徽省亳州市冬、夏两季农田垂向土壤(0～200 cm)为研究对象,通过乙炔抑制法、¹⁵N-¹⁸O同位素示踪技术分别测定了N₂O产生潜势及产生途径,并利用宏基因组测序技术分析不同N₂O产生途径中功能基因的丰度变化以解析农田土壤N₂O产生的微生物机理.结果显示,在空间尺度上,表层土壤(0～20 cm)是N₂O产生热区,其N₂O产生潜势最高,为(0.364±0.048)ng·g^-1·h^-1.硝化和反硝化潜势均在表层土壤达到最高.在时间尺度上,冬季(15℃)是N₂O产...     

Control strategy of shortcut nitrification

Shortcut nitrification for ammonium-rich wastewater is energy-saving and cost-effective procedure that has become one of the hotspots in the field of biological denitrogenation. An orthogonal experiment was performed to study the combined effects of operational parameters on the performance of internal-loop airlift bioreactor for shortcut nitrification. The optimum operational parameters for the shortcut nitrification were fotmd as temperature 35 ℃, pH 8.0, dissolved oxygen concentration 1.0 mg/L, ammonium concentration 4 mmol/L and HRT 16 h, which have different influence on the performance of shortcut nitrification reactor. The pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration have significant bearing on the process. The results showed that the shortcut nitrification reactor could be successfully started up within 42 d, and the reactor performance is steady with minimum NO2-/NOx- of 85.2%, maximum 93.4% and average value of 91.4% in effluent. Based on the analysis of experimental data, a new control strategy named “priority ＋ combination” for shortcut nitrification was suggested. Through this strategy, the startup and operation of shortcut nitrification for ammonium-rich sludge digester liquids were optimized. The control strategy works well to keep the reactor operation in steady state and in achieving high-efficiency for shortcut nitrification.     

Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphor removal in an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） effect and phosphor removal were investigated in a one-staged aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor on pilot-scale with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） 19--20 g/L. The effects of DO concentration, sludge floc size distribution on SND were studied. Test results suggested that SND was successfully performed in the membrane bioreactor （MBR） and about 70% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved when DO concentration was set to 0.2-- 0.3 mg/L. The main mechanisms governing SND were the suitable sludge floc size and the low DO concentration which was caused by low oxygen transfer rate with such a high MLSS concentration in the MBR. In the meantime, phosphor removal was also studied with polymer ferric sulfate （PFS） addition and 14 mg/L dosage of PFS was proper for the MBR to remove phosphor. PFS addition also benefited the MBR operation owing to its reduction of extracellular polymer substances （EPS） of mixed liquor.     

短程硝化反硝化氨氮脱除技术研究进展

叙述了短程硝化反硝化的优势、工艺原理,总结了分析了温度、pH、游离氨、碳氮比以及污泥龄在高氨氮、低碳氮比有机废水方面影响因素以及工程化应用现状,最后提出了该技术工程化应用方面的有待优化解决的问题与方向。     

导流参数与SUFR系统硝化及吸磷效果的灰熵分析

导流参数是螺旋升流式反应器系统(SUFR system)重要工艺参数.应用灰关联熵分析方法,分别以SUFR系统好氧区硝化以及吸磷效果为目标,研究导流参数对该系统好氧区影响的相关性以及重要性顺序.试验结果表明,各导流参数对硝化以及吸磷均有着明显的影响.对于硝化而言,导流参数对其影响的强弱顺序为:导流转速＞导流叶片的串联层数＞导流叶片的折角＞d/D;对于吸磷而言,导流参数对其影响的强弱顺序为:导流转速＞导流叶片的折角＞导流叶片的串联层数＞d/D.     

垃圾渗滤液SND生物脱氮的工程实践

介绍了同时硝化 反硝化 (SND)生物脱氮技术在江苏省吴江市垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理中的实验和应用情况。研究结果表明 :同时好氧硝化 反硝化技术可以实现硝化耗碱和反硝化产碱互补 ,使得反应pH控制变得简单经济 ;在第一曝气池中的溶解氧浓度在 1～ 2mg L、第二曝气池中溶解氧浓度维持在 3～ 4mg L时 ,出水氨氮浓度可以保持在 <5mg L的水平 ,去除率达 99%     

SBR中芽孢杆菌脱氮作用的研究

在SBR处理炼化废水的实验中验证芽孢杆菌的脱氮作用。结果表明 ,芽孢杆菌有着促硝化作用 ;芽孢杆菌同化作用能够利用氨氮和硝酸盐氮 ;可生物降解部分的相对偏低会影响芽孢杆菌的同化作用 ;芽孢杆菌在接触严格好氧环境的早期阶段先是通过促进硝化作用降解氨氮 ,再通过同化作用脱除氨氮 ;SBR连续周期运行后 ,污泥浓度会相对稳定 ,芽孢杆菌能够很好地适应好氧与厌氧环境 ,并成为污泥中的优势种。     

有机碳源条件下厌氧氨氧化ASBR反应器中的主要反应

采用5个已稳定运行在厌氧氨氧化状态的ASBR反应器,通过COD、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、pH等指标的监测和好氧硝化菌、异养反硝化菌的测定,研究了不同有机碳源条件下反应器中发生的主要反应.结果表明,反应器中存在好氧硝化菌、异养反硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌.在COD、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮等存在条件下,可发生好氧硝化、厌氧氨氧化和异养反硝化反应,先是好氧硝化反应、厌氧氨氧化反应和异养反硝化反应共存,其后依次是异养反硝化反应和厌氧氨氧化反应占主导地位.当C/NO₂^--N在1.7～1.9范围内时,C/NH₄⁺-N为1.7的1号反应器具有最佳的厌氧氨氧化效果,反应结束时其COD去除率、NH₄⁺-N去除率、NO₂^--N去除率分别为100%、81.7%和74.4%.     

A/O生物脱氮工艺处理生活污水中试(二)系统性能和SND现象的研究

应用A/O中试装置处理实际生活污水,研究了低DO浓度下系统对有机物、氨氮和总氮的去除效果.研究结果表明,低DO浓度下COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别为85%和92%.由于进水C/N比仅为2.93,总氮平均去除率仅为64%,但提高亚硝酸氮积累率可以提高总氮去除率,当亚硝化率从15%增加到85%,总氮去除率将增加12%.氨氮去除率和硝化速率、总氮去除率具有较好的相关性.维持低DO浓度可以实现亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化反应,基于氮的物料平衡可知它占系统总氮去除率的5%～12%,增加DO浓度将破坏同步硝化反硝化(SND)现象.