改良UCT分段进水工艺处理生活污水性能优化研究

在某大型污水处理厂采用中试规模的改良UCT分段进水脱氮除磷工艺处理低COD/N生活污水,重点研究了流量分配比和原水营养元素比（COD/N、COD/P和TN/P）对工艺脱氮除磷性能的影响,目的是分析探索工艺对有机物和氮磷去除机制和污泥特性.连续运行试验表明,该工艺取得稳定高效的去除性能.在进水COD负荷为0.79～0.9...     

HRT对CSTR亚硝化颗粒污泥性能影响

在CSTR中控制稳定的进水氨氮负荷,基于对粒径分布、胞外聚合物（EPS）组分和功能菌动力学活性的分析,考察水力停留时间（HRT）对颗粒污泥形态、氮转化效能和微生物动力学活性的影响,并采用MiSeq高通量测序技术分析污泥中微生物菌群结构.结果表明,HRT从4 h逐渐缩短至1 h,反应器中氨氮去除率从80%逐渐提高至95%,亚硝酸盐累积率始终大于85%.缩短HRT可显著改变颗粒污泥粒径分布,0.3~0.8 mm的颗粒逐渐占主导,约达50%,粒径小于0.3 mm和大于1.6 mm的颗粒逐渐减少.HRT对功能微生物活性影响与颗粒大小有关.系统中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）占绝对优势,亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomomas）为代表的AOB富集度高达56%以上,缩短HRT有利于AOB的富集.     

城市污水厂尾水受纳河段沉积物脲酶活性及硝化潜力分析

为探究城市污水厂尾水排放对河流沉积物氮素滞留的影响,在合肥市的南淝河、十五里河、塘西河、板桥河和廿埠河各选取一个河段,分3个季节采集尾水排放口上、下游一定范围的河道表层沉积物,解析沉积物脲酶活性、硝化潜力及其变化特征,并对沉积物脲酶活性对外源碳的响应开展定量化分析.结果表明,5个尾水受纳河段排放口下游河道沉积物TN、NH₄⁺-N含量都不同程度的低于上游对照点,多数受纳河段沉积物NO₃^--N和OM含量下降,TP则大都不同程度的升高.绝大多数受纳河段尾水排放口下游沉积物脲酶活性低于上游对照点,甚至离尾水排放口距离越近的采样点位脲酶活性越低.5个尾水受纳河段不同程度表现出沉积物脲酶活性随外源碳浓度梯度增大的特点,表明河段沉积物脲酶活性存在一定的碳限制性.南淝河、十五里河和塘西河河段尾水排放口下游所有采样点沉积物硝化速率均高于上游对照点,而板桥河、 廿埠河河段则相反.总体上,各尾水受纳河段排放口上游对照点与下游采样点的沉积物脲酶活性、硝化潜力和硝化活性差异性不显著.     

同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥硝化反硝化特性试验研究

在厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR反应器中,以成熟的脱氮除磷颗粒污泥为研究对象,对其硝化及反硝化特性进行研究.结果表明,静态试验中颗粒污泥的最大硝化速率为14.13 mg·(g·h)-1,最大反硝化速率为34.89 mg·(g·h)-1,最大缺氧吸磷反硝化速率为13.11 mg·(g·h)-1,污泥具有较好的硝化、反硝化性能;反应器中污泥最大硝化速率为4.60 mg·(g·h)-1,最大反硝化速率为1.43 mg·(g·h)-1;通过N的物料平衡得到,同步硝化反硝化反应去除N约为232.5 mg·d-1,占N去除总量的54.3%;另外,颗粒污泥对P和N的去除率分别在95%和90%左右,反应器具有较好的同步脱氮除磷效果.     

一体式生物净化-沉淀池对微污染水体污染物的强化去除性能

本文针对现有饮用水净化工艺对溶解性组分的去除能力有限,以及沉淀单元占地面积大,功能单一的问题,将生物转盘与平流沉淀池设计理念相结合,开发出一种生物净化-沉淀工艺,以提升系统对原水中浊度、有机物和氮磷的同步去除性能.结果表明,生物转盘的设置并未干扰沉淀池原有的浊度去除功能.当进水有机负荷为0.46 g·(m2·d)-1时,生物沉淀池对有机组分、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为81.4%、95.0%、21.1%和86.0%.进一步研究发现,反硝化和除磷过程对水相中的有限碳源存在竞争关系.进水有机负荷的上升,有助于除磷过程的进行,同时沉淀出水中残留的有机组分和氨氮含量几乎不受影响,表明工艺具有一定抗冲击负荷能力,在微污染水体的强化净化处理中具有一定的应用前景.     

连续流态下以实际低基质生活污水培养好氧颗粒污泥及其脱氮性能

研究了连续流系统污泥颗粒化过程中COD、氨氮和TN的去除效果以及成熟好氧颗粒污泥的物理性质和脱氮动力学.结果表明40 d内连续流系统内能形成好氧颗粒污泥.随着颗粒化程度的提高,系统脱氮除碳性能有所增加;第41~60 d稳定运行期间,系统对COD、氨氮和TN的平均去除率分别到达到85.54%、95.5%和65.56%,且反应过程中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的积累不高.成熟颗粒污泥有较多的空隙结构,含有大量的胞外聚合物,相比于接种絮状污泥,其含水率、湿密度、沉降速度、机械强度、SVI值等都体现出了明显的优势.成熟好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化效率为81.69%,硝化速率(以NH+4-N计)和反硝化速率(以NO-x-N计)分别为5.78 mg·(L·h)-1和4.90 mg·(L·h)-1.     

紫色土硝化势和氨氧化微生物群落对化肥和有机肥配施生物炭的响应

研究有机肥和化肥配施生物炭对紫色土硝化势和氨氧化微生物变化特征的影响,探明施肥措施和土壤环境因子对硝化势和氨氧化微生物的影响.以紫色土为研究对象,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、单施有机肥(P)、化肥配施生物炭(FP)和有机肥配施生物炭(PP)共5个处理.采取PCR和T-RFLP方法研究土壤AOA和AOB群落特征,同时测定土壤硝化势及环境因子,明确有机肥配施生物炭对紫色土硝化潜势的影响.结果表明：(1)与CK处理相比,FP和PP处理显著增加土壤硝化势(P<0.05).(2)与CK处理相比,F、 P、 FP和PP处理显著增加土壤AOA amoA基因拷贝数78.17%～162.22%(P<0.05),F、 FP和PP处理显著增加AOB amoA基因拷贝数21.56%～78.32%(P<0.05).(3)与CK处理相比,PP处理显著提高土壤AOA群落的Shannon指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数(P<0.05),而配施生物炭(FP和PP处理)能改变土壤AOB的群落结构.(4)化肥和有机肥通过改变pH、 TP、 AP、 C/N、 SOM、 NO^-...     

苯硝化工艺HAZOP分析的定量化研究

为提高危险化工工艺过程风险评估的准确性,通过工艺仿真模拟,研究工艺参数波动对生产装置安全性能的影响。以苯硝化工艺为例,采用危险与可操作性分析对该过程进行定性的风险评估;同时利用Aspen Plus建立苯硝化装置的模拟流程。结合HAZOP分析中偏差与模拟中硝化釜的流程变量之间的联系,以进料混酸的流量和1号硝化釜热负荷及出口温度为量化指标,观察混酸流量在正常操作点17.6 m3/h的±100%范围波动下1号硝化釜热负荷及出口温度的变化。研究结果表明,保持1号硝化釜温度为正常值,随着混酸流量的增大,硝化釜热负荷先增大后减小;保持硝化釜热负荷不变,随着混酸流量的增大,硝化釜温度先增大后减小。其中混酸流量值超过22.95 m3/h时,温度超过报警阈值60℃。     

Nitrogen reduction using bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite: A field experiment in a eutrophic river

Bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies. Nitrogen (N) reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria, including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers (Bacillus spp.) and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers (Acinetobacter spp.). The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite (with thickness of about 2 mm) reached a maximum (56.69%) at day 34, and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34. There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control (t-test; p < 0.05). The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability. Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth. However, both dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth. In particular, DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth. Therefore, BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river. However, it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.     

Nitrous oxide production during nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater in lab-scale sequencing batch reactor

The production of N2O during nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was investigated in a lab-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor with a working volume of 14 L. The results showed that the total N2O-N production reached higher than 1.87 mg/L, and up to 4% of removed nitrogen was converted into N20. In addition, N20 led to a much higher greenhouse effect than CO2 during aerobic reaction phase, this proved that N2O production could not be neglected. The N2O-N production during nitrification was 1.85mg/L, whereas, during denitrification, no N2O was produced, nitrification was the main source of N2O production during nitrogen removal. Furthermore, during denitrification, the dissolved N2O at the end of aeration was found to be further reduced to N2. Denitrification thus had the potential of controlling N2O production.